Consumo de nutrientes em idosos residentes em Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil: um estudo de base populacionalConsumption of nutrients among the elderly living in Porto Alegre in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: a population-based study
OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de obesidade associada ao consumo de macronutrientes, às alterações do perfil lipídico, à glicemia e à prática de atividade física em idosos. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo transversal com 304 idosos do município de Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Medidas antropométricas de peso e altura foram utilizadas para o cálculo do índice de massa corporal (IMC) e foram analisados o perfil lipídico, a glicemia, a ingestão diária de macronutrientes e a prática de atividade física. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de obesidade foi de 30,6%, sofrendo redução com o aumento da idade. As idosas obesas apresentaram maior frequência de hipertrigliceridemia, cujos valores aumentaram conforme o aumento do IMC. Nesse grupo, a prática de atividade física foi menor. Entre os homens, houve maior consumo de proteína na dieta. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados mostraram que a obesidade é um importante problema de saúde na Região Sul do Brasil, sofrendo influência de fatores socioculturais e econômicos que prejudicam a manutenção de uma alimentação saudável. Políticas públicas devem ser direcionadas a fim de controlar esse problema, já que a obesidade é um fator limitante para a longevidade.
Aims: to evaluate the inadequacy of food consumption and the estimated nutrient depletion caused by the use of drugs in the elderly.Methods: a cross-sectional population study, attended by 427 elderly. Food consumption was obtained from the 24-hour Food Recall Survey and the Research Dietetic History. The use of drugs was assessed by a pharmacotherapeutic questionnaire.Results: 85.8% of elderly use medications, the most prevalent inhibitors angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (29.2%), acetylsalicylic acid (28.7%), hydrochlorothiazide (24.4%), hydroxymethyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase enzyme inhibitor (17.0%), calcium carbonate (12.6%) and proton pump inhibitors (8.2%). Acetylsalicylic acid, hydrochlorothiazide and proton pump inhibitors are the drugs that possibly deplete the greatest number of nutrients. Users of hydroxymethyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase enzyme inhibitor, 97% could had inadequate for vitamin E; of potassium-sparing diuretics, 90.0% of inadequacy for magnesium; digoxin, 83.3% of inadequate for magnesium and 58.3% for calcium and potassium.Conclusions: the drugs most commonly used by elderly are responsible for the depletion of numerous micronutrients, often associated with a high prevalence of inadequate consumption, which may cause possible nutritional deficiencies.
The importance of evaluating the systemic effects of diabetic subjects exposed to air pollution is notorious, specially to the relevance that both factors have in the world socio‐economic scenario. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of diabetes and chronic exposure to “residual oil fly ash” (ROFA) in the rat systemic oxidative stress. The animals were divided into four groups: diabetic: treated with ROFA (DM POL) − 50μg of ROFA/10μL of saline, intranasal instillation (i.n.); diabetic (DM NPOL) ‐ 10μL of saline, i.n; non‐diabetic treated with ROFA (ND POL) − 50μg of ROFA/10μL of saline, i.n. and non‐diabetic (ND NPOL) ‐ 10μL of saline, i.n., for 60 days. The diabetes was induced by 60mg/kg, i.p. streptozotocin administration. Blood sample was collected on the 30º and 60° days of treatment to evaluate SOD and catalase activity and the lipid peroxidation (through the concentration of malondialdeyde ‐MDA‐). After 30 days, we observed that ND POL animals showed higher levels of SOD comparing to the other groups (p<0.05) while catalase and MDA concentration did not show difference among the groups. After 60 days, the diabetic groups (DM POL and DM NPOL) showed increased levels of MDA. SOD activity was not statistically different among the groups (p> 0.05) while catalase showed statistically increased in the DM POL, DM NPOL and ND POL groups as compared to the control group ND NPOL (p<0.05). The global mortality rate of the DM POL group was 46% while in the other groups this rate was 0%. All deaths occurred after the 30° day of treatment with ROFA. The present study suggests that diabetic condition increases the susceptibility of health adverse effects induced by ROFA instillation and that oxidants could be involved in these effects.Support: FFFCMPA
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