ResumoIntrodução: O trauma dental na infância ocorre em locais de assistência a essa fase e a conduta tomada pelos cuidadores, após o acidente, influencia diretamente no prognóstico. Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento dos Educadores de creches públicas sobre que condutas tomariam frente ao trauma dentário na infância. Metodologia: Por meio de estudo descritivo transversal, foi aplicado um questionário a 23 Educadores das creches públicas do Município de Patos-PB, para avaliar o perfil dos sujeitos e a conduta frente a situações emergenciais de trauma dentário nos escolares. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural -UFCG, sob protocolo n.º 056/2011. Para análise e tabulação dos dados, foi utilizado o programa estatístico SPSS versão 18.0. Resultado: Observou-se que a maioria dos Educadores (91,3%) nunca foi capacitada, não estando estes aptos a realizar o primeiro atendimento em caso de trauma dentário. Com relação ao tema avulsão dentária, 60,9% dos Educadores não saberiam o que fazer em caso de avulsão do dente permanente e 40,3%, do decíduo. Diante do dente avulsionado, 26,1% lavariam o dente rapidamente com água corrente, o armazenaria em um guardanapo, lenço ou algodão (21,7%) e levaria a criança ao Cirurgião-Dentista. Diante de fratura coronária de dente, 34,8% guardariam o pedaço fraturado, enquanto que 39,1% não saberiam como proceder. Todos os entrevistados julgaram ser muito importante uma capacitação com os docentes, para realizar as primeiras medidas emergenciais frente ao trauma dentário. Conclusão: A maioria dos Educadores não está preparada para lidar com trauma dentário na infância, apresentando pouco ou nenhum conhecimento sobre o tema em questão, sendo necessária a inserção de programas que visem à capacitação docente em saúde bucal.Descritores: Docentes; conhecimento; avulsão dentária. AbstractIntroduction: Dental trauma in childhood occurs in locals they are assisted and action taken by caregivers after the accident directly influences the prognosis. Objective: To assess the knowledge of educators in public nurseries toward their atitudes when facing dental trauma in childhood. Methodology: Through a cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was given to 23 educators in public daycare centers in Patos/PB to assess personal characteristics and behavior in relation to emergency situations of dental injuries in school. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Health Center and Rural Technology/UFCG, protocol number 056/2011. For analysis and tabulation of the data SPSS version 18.0 was used. Result: It was observed that the majority of educators (91.3% ) were never trained, not being able to perform the first care in the event of dental trauma. On the dental avulsion topic, 60.9% of the teachers did not know what to do in case of avulsion of permanent teeth, and 40.3% of deciduous. Before the avulsed tooth, 26.1% would quickly wash the tooth with running water, would store on a napkin, handkerchief or cotton (21.7%) and take t...
-Heavy metal removal by adsorption using rice husks as a bioadsorbent was evaluated as an alternative for wastewater treatment. Batch equilibrium experiments and kinetic sorption studies were performed using monocomponent solutions of Ni(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Pb(II) and Cu(II) in surface samples of in natura (RH) and calcined rice husks (RHA). RHA showed higher potential for removing lead and copper. Experimental data for adsorption isotherms of lead and copper were adjusted by Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevick (D-R) models, being better represented by the Langmuir model. The calcination of RH increased its surface area, improving its adsorption properties. From a morphological analysis obtained by SEM and diffraction patterns (XRD), a longitudinal fibrous and amorphous structure was observed for RH. TGA results indicated a total mass loss of around 60% for RH and 24.5% for RHA.
ResumoIntrodução: A educação em saúde realizada no ambiente escolar pode favorecer o envolvimento da criança ao construir novos conhecimentos, facilitando assim a mudança de hábitos. Objetivo: Avaliar, em pré-escolares matriculados em escolas e creches municipais de Patos-PB, a condição de higiene bucal e a oclusão dentária, além de utilizar o Tratamento Restaurador Atraumático (ART) nas ações de saúde coletiva, para promover melhoria na saúde bucal. Material e método: A amostra foi constituída por 169 crianças, matriculadas na Pré-Escola I, II e no 1º Ano do Ensino Fundamental. Foram utilizadas palestras e atividades lúdicas adequadas à faixa etária, além do Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado, para conversão de níveis de saúde bucal em valores quantitativos. Além disso, foi analisada também a presença de lesões de cárie e oclusopatias, utilizando o índice de Foster e Hamilton, sendo os dentes cariados restaurados por meio do Tratamento Restaurador Atraumático (ART). Resultado: Na análise dos dados obtidos, observou-se êxito no trabalho realizado com as crianças, pois houve redução no percentual de escovação deficiente de 20,7% para 4,1%, regular de 62,1% para 49,7%, e aumento do índice de higienização boa, de 8,9% para 32%. Com relação à chave de oclusão, observaram-se os seguintes resultados: chave de canino Classe I, 71,6%; sobressaliência normal, 35,5%; sobremordida normal, 40,8%, e mordida cruzada posterior, ausente em 75,1% dos casos. Conclusão: Atividades educativas baseadas em instrumentos lúdicos e procedimentos restauradores simples e eficazes podem promover melhorias consideráveis nos níveis de higiene oral.Descritores: Promoção da saúde; saúde escolar; assistência odontológica. AbstractIntroduction: Health education strategies used in school environments can provide chances in health habits for children. Objective: Evaluate oral health and occlusion conditions in preschoolers from Patos, Paraíba. Also, ART techniques were used. Material and method: The sample was constituted by 169 children enrolled in municipal children education schools and public baby care system. Ludic activities were used as public health instruments of work and Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) as a tool for children's oral health follow up. Besides, a Foster and Hamilton Index was used to measure occlusion profile and ART technique was done to restore tooth decay. Result: The OHI-S was decreased showing the follow results: deficient hygiene (20.7% to 4.1%), regular (62.1% to 49.7%), and good oral hygiene (8.9% to 32%). Regarding to occlusal parameters, the index showed: normal occlusion: 71.6%, normal overjet: 35.5%, normal overbite: 40.8%, and 75.1% of posterior cross-bite absence. Conclusion: Educative activities based on ludic strategies and simple restoration techniques can promote enhancement on children oral health levels.
INTRODUÇÃO: A escova dental é um instrumento de higiene bucal eficiente na prevenção de doenças; no entanto, também é um meio favorável a proliferação e disseminação de microrganismos. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar quais os cuidados relativos ao armazenamento e à descontaminação das escovas dentais, realizados por famílias assistidas por um projeto de extensão universitária. METODOLOGIA: A metodologia consistiu na realização de um estudo observacional, por meio da aplicação de um formulário específico. RESULTADO: Das 88 pessoas entrevistadas, constatou-se que 71,6% lavavam toda a escova com água corrente e 10,2% passavam os dedos nas cerdas para retirar o excesso de água. Quanto ao armazenamento das escovas, 37,5% guardavam dentro do armário do banheiro, enquanto 28,4% armazenavam todas juntas, em cima da pia. Com relação à transmissibilidade, 88,6% sabiam que as escovas podiam ser um meio de transmissão de doenças; porém, 40,9% não sabiam como ocorreria tal transmissão. Sobre a desinfecção de escovas dentais, 71,6% nunca tinham ouvido falar e 77,3% não utilizavam nenhuma solução desinfetante. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se que a maioria das famílias não está realizando os procedimentos necessários para manter suas escovas livres de contaminação.
The effect of a 4% titanium tetrafluoride (TiF 4 ) varnish on enamel demineralization was evaluated. Twelve volunteers participated in this double-blind, randomized crossover study. Six enamel specimens were positioned in intraoral appliances throughout four treatment stages: 4% TiF 4 varnish (experimental varnish), 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish (Duraphat ® ), placebo varnish, and negative control (deionized water). After 24 h, the varnishes were removed and plaques were allowed to accumulate. A 20% sucrose solution was dripped onto enamel blocks (10x/day). Enamel alterations were analyzed by surface microhardness (SMH), percentage of surface loss (%SML), cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). Student's paired t-test was used for SMH analysis and repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) for %SML and CSMH (∆Z) analyses (p-value=0.05). The TiF 4 varnish group had lower %SML than the placebo and control groups (p=0.044 and p=0.003, respectively), thus showing its capacity to inhibit surface demineralization. TiF 4 and NaF varnishes demonstrated a protective effect against mineral loss on the enamel subsurface. Both were statistically different from the control group when CSMH was analyzed (p=0.000). A titanium dioxide film was observed on enamel surfaces of the TiF 4 group SEM images. EDS confirmed the presence of titanium in all TiF 4 samples. The 4% TiF 4 varnish is a promising compound capable of reacting with enamel to protect it against surface and subsurface demineralization.
The aim of this study was to develop a titanium tetrafluoride (TiF 4 ) varnish and evaluate the stability of the formulation and its reactivity with dental enamel. The varnish was prepared in a resinous matrix using ethanol 96% as solvent. Samples (n)54؍ were aged at 65°C and 30% of relativity humidity (RE n°0 1/05-ANVISA) and after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, nine samples were removed for evaluation and compared with fresh samples. Chemical stability of TiF 4 varnish was determinate by , respectively. Means followed by distinct letters were statistically different (pϽ0.05). After one year of storage, the formulation was chemically stable and the levels of FA were maintained. However there was an initial decrease in the ability to form CaF 2 .Key words titanium tetrafluoride; drug stability; fluoride varnish Although professionally applied topical fluoride treatment has been used for caries control for many years, there is an interest in finding new compounds for this purpose.1,2) TiF 4 (titanium tetrafluoride) is a fluoridated compound which has low values of pH (ca. 1-2) 3) in water or alcohol solutions. In addition to the pH values, titanium corrosion resistance and the capacity to form an oxide coating on enamel could be responsible for the results related to caries process. 1,2,4-7)However, in spite of the promising results, this compound has not yet been used in clinical procedures due to the lack of stability in water solutions. 8)TiF 4 hydrolysis processes in water have been described, with emphasis on the formation of many fluoride complexes. 4,6) In addition to the stability and physical chemical properties of fluoridated agents, the efficacy of these products depends on the capacity to react with enamel forming reaction products, which can be loosely (calcium fluoride) or firmly (fluorapatite) bound to enamel and could interfere with the de-and re-mineralizing phases of the caries process.7) The aim of this study was to produce a TiF 4 varnish and evaluate the chemical stability and enamel reactivity during one year period. ExperimentalVarnish Preparation and Aging The TiF 4 varnish was prepared by dissolving TiF 4 (ca. 4%) and resin products in ethanol 96%. A homogeneous solution was obtained by slowly adding the solids to ethanol with vigorously stirring. Next, the viscous solution was placed in plastic containers (nϭ45), protected from light exposure and maintained in an aging process at 65°C and 30% RH (relative humidity). 9) After 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, nine samples were removed for analyses and compared with fresh samples.NMR Spectra The fresh and aged TiF 4 varnish formulations were analyzed by 19 F-NMR using a Bruker AC300 (282.4 MHz) and an Advance DPX (235.4 MHz) spectrometer in 5 mm co-axial tubes at Ϫ30°C. CFCl 3 was placed in the center coaxial tube as a chemical shift reference (dϭ0 ppm) and as a reference for quantitative analyses.Reactivity with Enamel The reactivity of the TiF 4 varnish formulation was evaluated using 15 bovine enamel blocks (3ϫ3ϫ2 mm) per group/time. A varnish without T...
Resumo: Estudos fitossociológicos em remanescentes florestais são de suma importância para caracterização da estrutura horizontal de comunidades florestais, pois gera dados que servem tanto de base para projetos de manejo florestal quanto para recuperação da biodiversidade. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se analisar a fitossociologia da vegetação, caracterizando a estrutura horizontal de um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Densa no Município de Macaíba-RN. Para a coleta de dados do componente arbóreo, utilizou-se a metodologia de pontos quadrantes, alocando cinco transectos espaçados de 15 m, perfazendo 175 pontos quadrantes ao longo das trilhas com distância de 8 m entre pontos. Na amostragem foram incluídos todos os indivíduos com diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) ≥10 cm e altura mínima de 1,0 m. A densidade estimada do fragmento foi de 1.873 indivíduos ha -1 , com área basal de 22,11 m² ha -1 , índice de diversidade de Shannon de 3,19 nats.ind -1 e índice de equabilidade de Pielou de 0,79. A maior proporção de indivíduos se distribuiu entre os intervalos de 3,18 a 8,19 cm de diâmetro e 3,79 a 5,79 m de altura. Com base nos dados analisados do inventário florístico, a área estudada se caracteriza como Floresta Ombrófila Densa, em estágio médio de regeneração, tendo Copaifera cearenses como a espécie que apresentou maior valor de importância no fragmento.Palavras-chave: Estrutura horizontal. Fitossociologia. Inventário florístico. Mata Atlântica.Abstract: Phytosociological studies in forest remnants are extremely important when characterising the horizontal structure of forest communities, as the data generated serves both as the basis for forest management projects and for restoring biodiversity. The aim therefore, was to analyse the phytosociology of the vegetation, and characterise the horizontal structure, of a fragment of Dense Ombrophilous Forest in the municipality of Macaíba in the State of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil. To collect data on the arboreal component, the pointquarter method was used, allocating five transects spaced 15 m apart, giving a total of 175 quarter points along the tracks, with a distance of 8 m between points. The sample included all individuals with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥10 cm and a minimum height of 1.0 m. The estimated density of the fragment was 1,873 individuals ha
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