GENE LIAO is currently Director of the Electric-drive Vehicle Engineering and Alternative Energy Technology programs and Professor at Wayne State University. He received a M.S. in mechanical engineering from Columbia University, and a doctor of engineering from University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. He has over 17 years of industrial practices in the automotive sector prior to becoming a faculty member. Dr. Liao has research and teaching interests in the areas of hybrid vehicles, energy storage, and advanced manufacturing. Prof Direct Ink Writing Extruders for Biomedical Applications AbstractThere are many 3D printing processes using various printing materials for different applications.Among these printing methods, robocasting or direct ink writing (DIW) is suitable and mostly adopted for biology and biomedical applications. DIW is an additive manufacturing technique in which a filament of 'ink' is extruded from a nozzle. The ink is usually supplied through a syringe or container and does not need to be heated to a high temperature to extrude through the nozzle for printing. Therefore, cells and bacteria can survive during the printing process. The ink must have high viscosity or be gel-like to maintain the sturdy structure for the printed object before post-processing. Several professional DIW printers designed for biomedical and medical research are available in the market such as EnvisionTEC 3D-Bioplotter, however they are usually extremely expensive. Collaborating with the medical school, this project will design and build new extruding systems on a low-cost RepRap machine. One RepRap Prusa i3 printer is modified able to extrude independently two different hydro-gels dedicated to the stem cell research. The modification is expected to utilize other 3D printing methods to create parts. This is a team's Capstone Design Project with students involved to promote and extend the applications of 3D printing. Student working processes of design, hardware modification, as well as testing procedures will be observed and recorded. The project activities, the testing results, and the students' learning experiences and outcomes will be present in this paper. Student working processes of design, hardware modification, as well as programing procedures are observed and evaluated for systematic course material development.
Control of circuit CD in a photolithographic process has become increasingly important, particularly for those advanced nodes below 45nm because it influences device performances greatly. The variation of circuit CD depends on many factors, for example, CD uniformity on reticles, focus, lens aberrations, partial coherence, photoresist performance and LASER spectral bandwidth. In this paper, we focus on LASER spectral bandwidth effects to reduce circuit CD variation. High-volume products of a leading technology node are examined and a novel LASER control function: Gas Lifetime eXtenstion (GLX) is implemented to obtain stable LASER bandwidth. The LASER bandwidth variation was stabilized by changing laser F2 gas concentration through advanced control algorithm and signal process techniques. Product photo-pattern CD variation and device electrical performances will be examined to confirm the benefits of the LASER bandwidth stabilization.
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