Four concepts of strong hybridization powertrains on all-wheel-drive sport utility vehicles are presented. These concepts enable conversion of conventional powertrains into strong hybrid powertrains with minimal tear-up to the existing architecture. The first concept incorporates an electric machine attached to the output side of a conventional transmission. The second concept is a strong input power-assist system, where the motor is packaged between the torque converter and the transmission. The third concept is similar to the second one, but the torque converter is replaced by a starting clutch. The fourth concept is a compound-input, power-split, electric-variable transmission (EVT ). These concepts provide extensive hybrid functionality, such as motor-only drive, launch assist, and energy recuperation. Simulation results indicate that proposed strong hybrid concepts can result in fuel economy gains of 19-26 per cent over conventional powertrains.
The planetary gear trains are widely used in many automotive, aerospace and marine applications. The planetary gear trains are introduced to undergraduate mechanical engineering students in the course of Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines. Traditional methods of analyzing planetary gear trains, by means of torque and speed calculations, tend to be slow and cumbersome. The complexity involved has, no doubt, kept many students from becoming familiar with the capability of planetary gearing. It is our intent in this paper to describe the lever analogy method of analysis and to present a miniature 'cookbook' of levers for various planetary arrangements.
GENE LIAO is currently Director of the Electric-drive Vehicle Engineering and Alternative Energy Technology programs and Professor at Wayne State University. He received a M.S. in mechanical engineering from Columbia University, and a doctor of engineering from University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. He has over 17 years of industrial practices in the automotive sector prior to becoming a faculty member. Dr. Liao has research and teaching interests in the areas of hybrid vehicles, energy storage, and advanced manufacturing.
Prof
Direct Ink Writing Extruders for Biomedical Applications AbstractThere are many 3D printing processes using various printing materials for different applications.Among these printing methods, robocasting or direct ink writing (DIW) is suitable and mostly adopted for biology and biomedical applications. DIW is an additive manufacturing technique in which a filament of 'ink' is extruded from a nozzle. The ink is usually supplied through a syringe or container and does not need to be heated to a high temperature to extrude through the nozzle for printing. Therefore, cells and bacteria can survive during the printing process. The ink must have high viscosity or be gel-like to maintain the sturdy structure for the printed object before post-processing. Several professional DIW printers designed for biomedical and medical research are available in the market such as EnvisionTEC 3D-Bioplotter, however they are usually extremely expensive. Collaborating with the medical school, this project will design and build new extruding systems on a low-cost RepRap machine. One RepRap Prusa i3 printer is modified able to extrude independently two different hydro-gels dedicated to the stem cell research. The modification is expected to utilize other 3D printing methods to create parts. This is a team's Capstone Design Project with students involved to promote and extend the applications of 3D printing. Student working processes of design, hardware modification, as well as testing procedures will be observed and recorded. The project activities, the testing results, and the students' learning experiences and outcomes will be present in this paper. Student working processes of design, hardware modification, as well as programing procedures are observed and evaluated for systematic course material development.
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