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Recent studies have shown an increased level of suicidal behavior among physicians, not only in Pakistan but all over the world. In this cross-sectional study, 622 physicians, aged 32–55 years, participated from 50 private and public hospitals located in the seven cities of the Punjab province of Pakistan. Three standardized tools were used to assess suicidal ideation, perceived life satisfaction and work-family conflict of the participants. Results showed work-family conflict as positive whereas life satisfaction was shown to be a negative predictor of suicidal ideation among the physicians. Furthermore, findings suggested that, as a moderator, percieved life satisfaction holds a significant role in decreasing the levels of work-family conflict and suicidal ideation among the physicians. Therefore, it is recommendable to incoroporate a perceived life satisfaction enhancement program into the training of physicians so that suicidal ideation may be prevented and treated effectively.

Abstract Objective: To compare cognitive impairment between patients having epileptic seizures and those having psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from May to November 2016 in Jhelum, Pakistan, and comprised epileptic and psychogenic non-epileptic patients who were selected from different psychiatric units of the city. Bender Gestalt Test-II was administered to check the cognitive impairment of participants.   Data was analysed using SPSS 21. Results: Of the 125 subjects, 62(49.6%) were epileptic and 63(50.4%) were psychogenic non-epileptic patients. Psychogenic non-epileptic patients performed better compared to epileptic patients (p?.001). The effect size of the finding was 0.42, indicating medium size effect. Conclusion: Epileptic patients were found to have more cognitive impairment than psychogenic non-epileptic patients. Key Words: Cognitive impairment, Epileptic, Psychogenic non-epileptic, Seizures, Continuous...

The present research examined procrastination behavior and self-efficacy among postgraduate students by using mixed method research in two studies. Objective of this research was to measure procrastination, self-efficacy and further to explore the factors behind these behaviours through quantitative and qualitative research, respectively. For study-I, in quantitative research, sample of 282 students was selected by using stratified random sampling technique. To measure procrastination “Procrastination Scale” for student population (Lay, 1986) and for Self-efficacy “General Self-efficacy Scale” (Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1995) were used. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and Chi-square were used to analyse the data. Results indicated that there is a significant negative correlation between procrastination behavior and self-efficacy. The level of procrastination was found at non-clinical level 5(1.5%), sub-clinical level 165(68.5%), clinical level 110(39.0) and 2(0.7%) reported the need to seek clinical attention. Findings of chi-square illustrate no association of procrastination with demographic of age, faculty and GPA. In study-II, through qualitative approach, a focus group discussion was conducted with eight participants. Data were recorded by a tape recorder which was transcribed and analysed by using thematic analysis. Results revealed four themes from qualitative discussion; 1) description of procrastination behavior, 2) casual and precipitating factors, 3) impact on life and 4) strategies to overcome/reduce procrastination behavior. Through the findings of both studies, it can be concluded that procrastination behaviour is prevalent among students and there is a need to implement strategies to reduce this behaviour.

The major objective of this study was to develop an indigenous tool to assess emotional and behavioral problems for adolescents in Pakistan. The study consisted on two phases where in the Phase I, an indigenous scale was developed by generating the item pool of 136 items on the basis of semi-structured interviews (n = 28) with adolescents following internalizing/ externalizing problems framework by Achenbach and Edelbrock (1991). The interviews were analyzed by using thematic analysis technique and consequently 136 items were formulated on the basis of extracted themes. The scale comprising 136 items was administered in try out study after the content validity estimated by the experts from relevant field. In phase 2 the scale was administered on the sample of 1120 adolescents from government and private educational institutes for the purpose of establishing the psychometric properties of the scale. Exploratory factor analysis (n = 560) was fixed at 8 factors structure including 54 items. Confirmatory factor analysis (n = 560) resulted in 8 confirmed factors consisting of 32 items. The Cronbach alpha of the scale was α (.92). It is concluded that the locally developed scale can be used to screen out the adolescents with emotional and behavioral problems so that they can refer to further assessment or counselling services.

Objective: To determine and compare empathy among medical students, studying two different curricula.Study Design: Cross Sectional.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Community Medicine of WahMedical College, Wah Cantt from January 2018 to June 2018.Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on second and fourth year MBBS students. The sample sizewas 90, calculated by Open Epi calculator and the students were selected by using stratified random samplingtechnique. A data collection tool comprised of two parts; demographic information about the individual wascollected in the first part and second part was based on Toronto Empathy Questionnaire. The questionnaire had16 questions and scored between 0-64. The questions were responded on a Likert scale of never, rarely,sometimes, often and always. The data was analyzed by using software program of SPSS version 20. Descriptivestatistics and Mann-Whitney U test was applied to compare the mean scores of empathy of students studyingdifferent curricula.Results: Mean score of empathy among students was 42.89+ 8.535. Mean empathy score of 2 year studentsth nd was 45.58 +7.203 and 4 year students came out to be 40.20 +8.981. Empathy was statistically significant in 2 year students and in female students; female students' empathy score was 46.38 while male students score was 39.40.Conclusion: It is concluded that 2 year students who studied integrated curriculum showed higher empathyth scores than 4 year students studying traditional curriculum. Moreover, female students showed significantlyhigher empathy scores as compared to the male students.

The teaching of Islam are not limited to any religion, race, time, conditions etc. And the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was sent as Marcy for all the creations. While living in plural societies one has to interact with people having various religious and cultured backgrounds. Islam not only gives very clear instructions for such interactions but all these valuable commandments were also personified in Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The basic research question of this study is that how Quran, Hadith and the opinions of four schools of thought in the wake of conditions and circumstances of the modern day world guide Muslims in terms of participating in funerals of Non- Muslims and offering condolence to them. The methodology adopted to address the above mentioned question is that Quran, Hadith and the viewpoints of four Imams were taken into consideration respectively. Lastly various methods of condolence have also been highlighted. The research concludes on the findings that Muslims can offer condolence to Non-Muslims as this will work as a very effective message of Islam in the wake of modern day issues in terms of the relationship of Muslim and Non-Muslims. However Muslims are not allowed to participate in any rituals of Non-Muslims.