The qualitative characteristics, lipids and chemical composition of the meat of 35 Nellore young bulls were analyzed. These bulls had an average slaughter weight and fat thickness of 532.17±30.2 kg, and 7.00 mm, respectively. Significant differences were found only in the meat's water holding capacity (WHC), which was higher for animals fed with fresh linseed oil. More conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was found in the meat of animals fed with unprotected soybean oil, while better omega-6/omega-3 ratios were noted for those fed unprotected linseed oil. The addition of different vegetable oils to the bulls' diet (soybean or linseed, either protected or not protected from rumen digestion) did not interfere with the qualitative characteristics of their meat while improving the lipid composition of the longissimus muscle. Of the oils examined, unprotected linseed oil most improved the omega-6/omega-3 ratio, thus producing the healthiest meat for human consumption.

-The objective was to evaluate the addition of vegetable oils protected or not from rumen degradation in the diet of feedlot-finished young bulls and their effects on performance and carcass characteristics. Thirty-five Nellore males of 402.69±14.90 kg initial weight and 18±2 months of age were utilized. The animals were confined for 96 days, after 28 days of adaptation, and slaughtered at 532.17±30.25 kg. Experimental diets were: control (715 g total digestible nutrients -TDN/kg of dry matter -DM), with addition of soybean oil or fresh linseed oil, and with the addition of the same oils protected from rumen degradation (765 g TDN/kg DM). All diets were formulated with the same amount of protein and with a roughage:concentrate ratio of 40:60, with sugarcane as the only roughage. The addition of oil, regardless of the type and processing, resulted in greater body weight gain (1.17 and 1.41 kg/animal/day), better feed (0.11 and 0.14 kg weight gain/kg DM ingested) and protein efficiency (0.86 and 1.09 kg weight gain/kg crude protein ingested), heavier carcasses (280.3 and 298.0 kg), with better yield (54.5 and 55.5%) and thicker subcutaneous fat (5.1 and 7.5 mm backfat thickness) and with heavier prime cuts, for control diet and the other treatments, respectively. The use of soybean or linseed oil protected or not from rumen degradation only changed the intake of a few nutrients and carcass yield and depth. Thus the addition of energy sources in the diet is beneficial for finishing feedlot bulls. For this addition, either soybean or linseed oils can be used, and the processing of these oils is only useful to facilitate the mixing with the other ingredients of the diet.

The aimed of the study was to evaluate the caloric value as a function of the proximal composition and correlate the selling price with the nutritional values ​​of commercial cuts of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) in different weight classes. The sample collections were performed in two processing units located in the state of Rondônia, Brazil. Were 200 tambaquis in five weight classes were studied. And, were 77 pirarucus were studied in seven weight classes. The design was completely randomized, with processing carried out in triplicate. The Kruskal-Wallis test (α=0.05) was used to compare the averages and the Spearman correlation (ρ) between price and nutrients. The commercial cuts with the highest caloric value were the tambaqui filet (145.70 kcal/100g) and the pirarucu filet mignon (119.11 kcal/100g) (p<0.05). And the less caloric commercial cuts were steak of tambaqui (100.47 kcal/100g) and pirarucu loin 102.01 kcal/100g) (p<0.05). It was also observed that the variables caloric value and protein content did not correlate with the price of the kilo of fish for the different commercial cuts, which leads to infer that, possibly, the sensorial, market and cultural factors were responsible for the price variations. Regarding the caloric value according to the composition of the tambaqui, the Class 4 was the most efficient category for production and commercialization. And in the composition of the pirarucu, the Class 4 presented satisfactory values of proteins and lipids and a good percentage of mineral matter.

Objetivou-se avaliar o consumo, a digestibilidade dos nutrientes e o comportamento ingestivo de tourinhos Nelore confinados, alimentados com diferentes teores de torta de cupuaçu na dieta. Foram utilizados cinco animais com peso vivo (PV) médio de 186,8± 19,5 kg e aproximadamente 13 meses de idade. Os animais foram distribuídos em cinco tratamentos contendo diferentes teores de torta de cupuaçu (TC): 0%; 5%; 10%; 15% e 20%, em substituição ao milho e farelo de soja. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o quadrado latino 5 × 5, composto de cinco animais e cinco períodos experimentais. Cada período experimental teve duração de 15 dias: 10 dias de adaptação à dieta e cinco dias para a avaliação da digestibilidade dos nutrientes. A mensuração do comportamento ingestivo (observação visual) foi realizada no final de cada período experimental (15º dia), durante 24 h. O consumo de matéria seca (CMS), extrato etéreo (CEE) e de proteína bruta (CPB), expresso em kg/dia e %PV, apresentaram efeito quadrático (P<0,10) em relação à inclusão dos diferentes teores de torta de cupuaçu, onde observou-se que o maior consumo destas frações ocorreu no tratamento com 5,0% TC. Nos coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca (DMS); proteína bruta (DPB); extrato etéreo (DEE); fibra em detergente neutro (DFDN); fibra em detergente ácido (DFDA); carboidratos não fibrosos (DCNF), e os parâmetros de comportamento ingestivo, não foram observados diferenças (P>0,10) entre os teores de inclusão. A inclusão de até 5% de torta de cupuaçu, em substituição ao farelo de soja e milho, é recomendado em dietas para tourinhos Nelore em confinamento, pois não interfere no consumo e digestibilidade de nutrientes e comportamento ingestivo dos animais.

No abstract

The aimed of this study was to evaluate the mineral composition in commercial cuts of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and pirarucu (Arapaima gigas). Were compared to the minimum values of daily consumption of minerals recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The experimental design was completely randomized, with processing performed in triplicate. Data were submitted to ANOVA. If ANOVA appeared statistically significant (α=0.05), the means were compared by Tukey’s Test. There was a difference (p<0.05) between commercial cuts of the tambaqui for different minerals. Tambaqui ribs and band presented the highest values of total iron 1.08 ± 0.12 mg/100g compared to other commercial cuts. The mineral elements Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ expressed the highest values for the tambaqui steak, 301.00 ± 80.58, 457.00 ± 129.33, 36.00 ± 4.36 and 46.90 ± 4.68 mg/100g, respectively. There was a difference (p<0.05) between commercial cuts of the pirarucu for different minerals. The mineral elements Total Iron, Na+, K+ and Ca2+ expressed the highest values for pirarucu loin, 0.80 ± 0.07, 406.00 ± 117.50, 529.30 ± 130.58 and 32.00 ± 5.12 mg/100g, respectively. However, Mg2+ expressed a higher value for pirarucu tail fillet 37.10 ± 4.99 mg/100g. The tambaqui steak and pirarucu loin were the cuts that best met the minimum needs for mineral supply.

Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar correlações de Pearson entre medidas corporais, características produtivas e das carcaças de 35 tourinhos da raça Nelore, confinados por 96 dias, com 402±14,90 kg e 18 meses de idade. Foram efetuadas pesagens, tomadas de imagens ultrassônicas e 14 mensurações no início de cada período experimental e antes do abate, totalizando quatro avaliações de peso, de imagens ultrassônicas e de medições por animal. Para a avaliação das medidas corporais e das imagens ultrassônicas com as características de carcaça foram considerados os valores da última medição. As imagens foram feitas juntamente com a pesagem dos animais e as medidas obtidas com fita métrica e bengala zoométrica, sendo essas correlacionadas entre si e com as características produtivas e da carcaça. Nas medições de área de olho de lombo com ultrassom, foram encontradas associações positivas com comprimento de corpo (0,32), de garupa (0,36) e de coxa (0,20); altura da cernelha (0,20) e contorno pelviano (0,38) (P<0,05). As variáveis alturas da garupa e do tórax, larguras de peito e de ísquios, e perímetro torácico apresentaram correlações positivas com duas ou mais características produtivas de interesse econômico, como peso ao abate, peso de carcaça quente e rendimento de carcaça (P<0,05). Correlações significativas foram encontradas para grande parte das variáveis estudadas. Medidas corporais lineares, como as de comprimento e altura surgem como uma ferramenta que pode vir a auxiliar na formação de lotes mais homogêneos e na predição do ponto de abate, juntamente com o peso dos animais.

ABSTRACT. This study evaluated the effect of different protein sources (soybean meal, cottonseed meal, peanut meal and sunflower meal) on dry matter and nutrient intake, productive performance and body measurements of dairy heifers, Holstein x Zebu, recreated in confinement. The experiment consisted in a randomized complete block design made up by 6 replications and 4 treatments. The mean values of ingestion of ether extract (EEI, kg day -1 ) were statistically different (p < 0.05). The neutral detergent fiber intake (NDFI, %BW) also presented differences (p < 0.05), with higher values in the diet containing sunflower meal (1.01% BW) in relation to the diet with soybean meal (0.84% BW). The average daily weight gain using the diet with soybean meal was superior (0.95 kg day -1 ) to the diet with sunflower meal (0.82 kg day -1 ), and considering the final body weight, the diet with soybean meal was superior to the other treatments (p < 0.05). The heart girth presented greater association with body weight (0.93). The soybean meal promoted the best productive performance of crossbred Holstein x Zebu heifers fed diets based on sugarcane. However, cottonseed meal, peanut meal and sunflower meal can be possible alternatives to soybean meal.Keywords: body measurement, daily gain, protein concentrate, sugarcane.Consumo de nutrientes, desempenho produtivo e medidas corporais de novilhas leiteiras alimentadas com diferentes fontes proteicas RESUMO. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes fontes proteicas (farelo de soja, farelo de algodão, farelo de amendoim e farelo de girassol) sobre o consumo de matéria seca e nutrientes, desempenho produtivo e medidas corporais de novilhas leiteiras, mestiças Holandês x Zebu, recriadas em confinamento. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos completos casualizados, constituído por seis repetições e quatro tratamentos. Os valores médios de ingestão de extrato etéreo (IEE, kg dia -1 ) apresentaram diferença estatística (p < 0,05). A ingestão de fibra em detergente neutro em % do peso corporal foi superior (p < 0,05) na dieta com farelo de girassol (1,01 %PC) em relação à dieta com farelo de soja (0,84 %PC). O ganho médio de peso corporal promovido pela dieta com o farelo de soja foi superior (0,95 kg dia -1