The qualitative characteristics, lipids and chemical composition of the meat of 35 Nellore young bulls were analyzed. These bulls had an average slaughter weight and fat thickness of 532.17±30.2 kg, and 7.00 mm, respectively. Significant differences were found only in the meat's water holding capacity (WHC), which was higher for animals fed with fresh linseed oil. More conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was found in the meat of animals fed with unprotected soybean oil, while better omega-6/omega-3 ratios were noted for those fed unprotected linseed oil. The addition of different vegetable oils to the bulls' diet (soybean or linseed, either protected or not protected from rumen digestion) did not interfere with the qualitative characteristics of their meat while improving the lipid composition of the longissimus muscle. Of the oils examined, unprotected linseed oil most improved the omega-6/omega-3 ratio, thus producing the healthiest meat for human consumption.

Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is characterized by metabolic acidosis due to renal impaired acid excretion. Hyperchloremic acidosis with normal anion gap and normal or minimally affected glomerular filtration rate defines this disorder. RTA can also present with hypokalemia, medullary nephrocalcinosis and nephrolitiasis, as well as growth retardation and rickets in children, or short stature and osteomalacia in adults. In the past decade, remarkable progress has been made in our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of RTA and the fundamental molecular physiology of renal tubular transport processes. This review summarizes hereditary diseases caused by mutations in genes encoding transporter or channel proteins operating along the renal tubule. Review of the molecular basis of hereditary tubulopathies reveals various loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutations in genes encoding cotransporter, exchanger, or channel proteins, which are located in the luminal, basolateral, or endosomal membranes of the tubular cell or in paracellular tight junctions. These gene mutations result in a variety of functional defects in transporter/channel proteins, including decreased activity, impaired gating, defective trafficking, impaired endocytosis and degradation, or defective assembly of channel subunits. Further molecular studies of inherited tubular transport disorders may shed more light on the molecular pathophysiology of these diseases and may significantly improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying renal salt homeostasis, urinary mineral excretion, and blood pressure regulation in health and disease. The identification of the molecular defects in inherited tubulopathies may provide a basis for future design of targeted therapeutic interventions and, possibly, strategies for gene therapy of these complex disorders.

RESUMO -Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do fornecimento de dietas com silagem de milho ou com cana-de-açúcar + grãos de girassol e a influência da condição sexual do animal sobre o desempenho de bovinos jovens em confinamento e os resultados econômicos desse sistema de produção. Foram utilizados 30 animais Canchim (dez machos não-castrados, dez machos castrados e dez novilhas), com 15 meses de idade e 289 kg de peso corporal (PC), mantidos em baias individuais durante 105 dias. Todos os animais foram pesados no início do experimento e a cada 35 dias e, ao final do confinamento, foram abatidos em frigorífico comercial para realização das medidas de características de carcaça. Os machos não-castrados apresentaram maior ingestão de nutrientes em comparação às fêmeas, tanto em valores absolutos quanto em valores relativos ao PC. Os machos castrados apresentaram valores intermediários e não diferiram dos não-castrados e das fêmeas. Os machos não-castrados apresentaram maior ganho de peso diário e desenvolvimento muscular, representado pela maior área de olho-delombo. Também foram mais eficientes quanto à conversão alimentar e ao rendimento de carcaça. Não houve efeito das dietas sobre a ingestão de nutrientes, à exceção do EE, que foi maior para a dieta com cana-de-açúcar + semente de girassol, com mais teor desse nutriente. As dietas também não influenciaram o desempenho dos animais. A dieta com silagem de milho mostrou-se economicamente mais viável para terminação de bovinos jovens em confinamento. Os machos não-castrados são os mais adequados para exploração de bovinos jovens em confinamento, independentemente da dieta. rib eye area. They were also more efficient as for feed conversion and carcass yield. No effect was observed for diets on the ingestion of nutrients, except for EE, that was higher for the diet with sugarcane + sunflower seed, with more of this nutrient. Diets also did not influence performance of the animals. Diet with corn silage showed more economically viable to raised young cattle in fed lot finishing. Young bulls were the animals more adequate for the exploration of young cattle in feedlot, independently of diet.

Avaliaram-se as características qualitativas da carcaça e da carne de 10 tourinhos, de 10 machos castrados e de 10 fêmeas da raça Canchim, terminados em confinamento e alimentados com: 1 - silagem de milho e concentrado contendo farelo de soja, milho e polpa cítrica (SM) e 2 - cana-de-açúcar e concentrado contendo farelo de soja, milho, grãos de girassol e polpa cítrica (CA). O período experimental foi de 105 dias, e o delineamento foi o inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 (3 condições sexuais e 2 dietas). Não foram observadas interações e os tourinhos apresentaram maiores (P<0,05) peso da carcaça quente e da área de olho de lombo, maior rendimento de dianteiro e menor rendimento de traseiro em relação aos machos castrados e às fêmeas. Nas amostras de contrafilé, não houve diferença entre tratamentos quanto à força de cisalhamento, pH, perdas totais por gotejamento e capacidade de retenção de água e cor da carne. Os machos castrados e as fêmeas apresentaram carne de melhor textura. As dietas SM e CA podem ser utilizadas na terminação de bovinos em confinamento.

RESUMO -O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar as características químicas e a composição em ácidos graxos do contrafilé (músculo Longissimus) de tourinhos, novilhos e novilhas da raça Canchim. Os animais foram terminados em confinamento com duas dietas experimentais, uma com silagem de milho e concentrado e outra com cana-de-açúcar e concentrado contendo grãos de girassol. Os teores de umidade, proteína e minerais no músculo não diferiram entre as dietas e as condições sexuais dos animais. A carne de novilhos terminados com a dieta com grãos de girassol apresentou maior teor de lipídios (3,31%) em comparação à dos animais de outras categorias. Os animais que receberam a dieta com grãos de girassol apresentaram maiores concentrações de ácido linoléico conjugado (18:2 cis9, trans-11) (0,73%) e ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (8,12%) no músculo, e também relações mais elevadas de ácidos graxos insaturados:saturados (0,93) e ácidos graxos poliinsaturados:saturados (0,16) em comparação àqueles que receberam a dieta convencional, à base de silagem de milho (0,34%; 6,31%; 0,86; e 0,11, respectivamente). A composição em ácidos graxos da carne de bovinos pode ser melhorada com a utilização de cana-de-açúcar e grãos de girassol na dieta dos animais terminados em confinamento.Palavras-chave: ácidos graxos insaturados, ácidos graxos saturados, ácido linoléico conjugado Chemical traits and fatty acids composition of beef from young bulls, steers and heifers fed corn silage and concentrate or sugarcane and concentrate with sunflower grains ABSTRACT -The objective in this work was to evaluate the chemical characteristics and the fatty acids composition of beef loin (Longissimus muscle) of young bulls, steers and heifers of Canchim breed. The animals were finished in feedlot system and fed two experimental diets, one with corn silage and concentrate (SIL) and the other with sugar cane, as exclusive roughage, and concentrate containing sunflower grains (CNA). Differences were not detected in relation to moisture, protein and mineral contents between diets or sexual categories. The meat from steers that received the CNA diet had higher lipid content (3.31%) in relation to meat from young bulls and heifers receiving the same diet. The meat from animals that received the CNA diet had higher concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid (18:2 cis-9, trans-11) and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and showed higher unsaturated fatty acids:saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids:saturated fatty acids ratios than those of animals fed with SIL diet; respectively 0.73 and 0.34%; 8.12 and 6.31%; 0.93 and 0.86; 0.16 and 0.11. The fatty acids composition in meat from beef cattle can be improved with the utilization of sugar cane and sunflower grains in the finishing diet.Key Words: conjugated linoleic acid, saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids IntroduçãoAtualmente, a pesquisa tem evoluído em investigações para melhorar a qualidade da carne bovina, conquistar o consumidor e ampliar a competição com as carnes de aves e suínos. A...

RESUMO -O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar a composição de ácidos graxos e a qualidade do contrafilé (músculo Longissimus lumborum) de tourinhos das raças Nelore e Canchim. Os animais foram terminados em confinamento e alimentados com dietas contendo cana-de-açúcar e dois níveis de concentrado (40 e 60% na matéria seca). Os concentrados foram compostos de grãos de girassol, milho, farelo de soja, levedura seca de cana-de-açúcar, uréia e núcleo mineral. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 × 2 (grupo genético × nível de concentrado).Não foram observadas diferenças nos teores de umidade, proteína e extrato etéreo da carne. Os animais da raça Nelore apresentaram maiores concentrações de ácido linoléico conjugado (0,52%), ácidos graxos insaturados (46,82%) e também relações mais elevadas de ácidos graxos insaturados:saturados (1,02) e monoinsaturados:saturados (0,86) em comparação aos tourinhos da raça Canchim. Os tourinhos da raça Canchim apresentaram maior intensidade das cores vermelha e amarela no contrafilé e maior luminosidade da gordura de cobertura. Houve interação para força de cisalhamento, que foi menor nos tourinhos Nelore alimentados com 40% de concentrado. Tourinhos da raça Nelore apresentam carne com melhor composição de ácidos graxos na gordura intramuscular do ponto de vista da saúde humana.Palavras-chave: ácidos graxos insaturados, ácido linoléico conjugado, cor da carne, força de cisalhamento, grãos de girassol, sabor da carne Fatty acids composition and meat quality of Nellore and Canchim young bulls fed sugar cane-based diets with two concentrate levels ABSTRACT -The objective of this work was to evaluate the fatty acids composition and the qualitative and chemical characteristics of the loin meat (Longissimus lumborum muscle) of Nellore and Canchim young bulls. The animals were fedlot finished and fed sugar cane-based diets with two concentrate levels (40 and 60% of dry matter). The concentrates were formulated with sunflower grains, corn, soybean meal, dry sugar cane yeast from sugar and alcohol industry, urea and mineral mixture. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (genetic group × concentrate level), and the averages were compared by Tukey test at 5% of probability. Differences were not observed in the humidity, protein and ether extract contents of the loin meat. Nellore bulls had higher concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid (0.52%), unsaturated fatty acids (46.82%) and higher unsaturated:saturated (1.02), monounsaturated:saturated (0.86) ratios in their loin muscle when compared to Canchim bulls. Canchim bulls presented higher red and yellow color intensity of meat and higher backfat brightness. A significant genetic group × concentrate level interaction was detected for shear force, where Nellore bulls fed with 40% of concentrate had lower values. The results showed that Nellore bulls had better fat acid composition of the loin meat, concerning human health.Key Words: conjugated lin...

with approximately 300 kg and 15 months old, were used. The animals were housed in individual pens for a period of 126 days, with the first 21 days of adaptation. The animals were weighed and ultra-sound images were taken at the beginning of the experiment and at every 35 days. A randomized complete design was used in a factorial scheme (2 genetic groups × 2 concentrate levels). There were no significant interactions for any of the evaluated variables. The Canchim animals presented better feed efficiency (0.17 × 0.14) and higher loin eye area gain (19.7 × 13.2 cm 2 ). The 60%

-The objective was to evaluate the addition of vegetable oils protected or not from rumen degradation in the diet of feedlot-finished young bulls and their effects on performance and carcass characteristics. Thirty-five Nellore males of 402.69±14.90 kg initial weight and 18±2 months of age were utilized. The animals were confined for 96 days, after 28 days of adaptation, and slaughtered at 532.17±30.25 kg. Experimental diets were: control (715 g total digestible nutrients -TDN/kg of dry matter -DM), with addition of soybean oil or fresh linseed oil, and with the addition of the same oils protected from rumen degradation (765 g TDN/kg DM). All diets were formulated with the same amount of protein and with a roughage:concentrate ratio of 40:60, with sugarcane as the only roughage. The addition of oil, regardless of the type and processing, resulted in greater body weight gain (1.17 and 1.41 kg/animal/day), better feed (0.11 and 0.14 kg weight gain/kg DM ingested) and protein efficiency (0.86 and 1.09 kg weight gain/kg crude protein ingested), heavier carcasses (280.3 and 298.0 kg), with better yield (54.5 and 55.5%) and thicker subcutaneous fat (5.1 and 7.5 mm backfat thickness) and with heavier prime cuts, for control diet and the other treatments, respectively. The use of soybean or linseed oil protected or not from rumen degradation only changed the intake of a few nutrients and carcass yield and depth. Thus the addition of energy sources in the diet is beneficial for finishing feedlot bulls. For this addition, either soybean or linseed oils can be used, and the processing of these oils is only useful to facilitate the mixing with the other ingredients of the diet.