Artificial camouflage
surfaces for assimilating with the environment
have been utilized for controlling optical properties. Especially,
the optical properties of infrared (IR) camouflage materials should
be satisfied with two requirements: deception of IR signature in a
detected band through reduced emissive energy and dissipation of reduced
emissive energy for preventing thermal instability through an undetected
band. Most reported articles suggest the reduction of emissive energy
in the detected band; however, broadband emission for enough energy
dissipation through the undetected band simultaneously is still a
challenging issue. Here, we demonstrate the multiresonance emitter
for broadband emission with IR camouflage utilizing the electromagnetic
properties of dielectric material. We reveal that the interaction
between the magnetic resonance and dielectric layer’s property
in a metal–dielectric–metal structure induces the multiple
resonance at the specific band. We present an IR camouflage behavior
of multiresonance emitter on a curved surface through the IR camera
(8–14 μm). We evaluate the energy dissipation in the
undetected band, which is 1613% higher than metal and 26% higher than
conventional selective emitters. This study paves the way to develop
broadband emitters for radiative cooling and thermophotovoltaic applications.
Toward the 45-nm technology node, multilevel C u dual-damascene interconnects with hybrid-structure low-k ILDs consisting of porous MSQ (k<1.6-1.8) and organic polymer films are successfully integrated on 300-mm wafers for the first time with a low-pressure CMP and dummy pattern technology, which supports the poor mechanical properties of ultra low-k films.
IntroductionLow-k dielectrics have been extensively investigated as materials that can reduce the parasitic capacitance of ULSI interconnects. Porous low-k materials are thought to he the most promising for 45-65-nm technology nodes. Ultra low-k materials (k
To develop a waterproof breathable material, we fabricated three kinds of nanofiber web laminates using a massproduced electrospun nanofiber web with different substrates and layer structures. The waterproofness and breathability of nanofiber web laminates were evaluated after repeated launderings and compared with those of conventional waterproof breathable fabrics currently in use, including densely woven fabric, microporous membrane laminated fabric, and coated fabric. The durability of nanofiber web laminates, including adhesion strength, abrasion resistance, tensile strength, and tearing strength, was also assessed and compared with those of conventional waterproof breathable fabrics. The water vapor transmission of nanofiber web laminates increased slightly after repeated launderings, whereas the air permeability somewhat decreased after launderings but still maintained an acceptable level of air permeability. Laundering reduced the resistance to water penetration of nanofiber web laminates, which implies that laminating techniques or substrate materials that could support waterproofness of the laminated structure should be explored. The adhesion strength, abrasion resistance, tensile strength, and tearing strength of nanofiber web laminates were in a range comparable to conventional waterproof breathable materials.
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