Pulmonary and cardiac involvement by cysticercosis is extremely rare, and is usually asymptomatic. We report the case of a 19-year-old boy who presented with a history of headache and vomiting and was found to have disseminated cysticercosis with pulmonary and cardiac involvement; the emphasis is on the rare occurrence of pulmonary, cardiac, pancreatic, intraocular, and extradural spinal canal involvement in the same patient. This case demonstrates the extent to which cysticercosis can be disseminated.

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Among a total of 29 blood group systems and over 600 different blood group antigens discovered so far, ABO and Rhesus are the most important blood group systems. The most significance rhesus antigen is Rh-D because of its immunogenicity. The sound knowledge of ABO and Rh-D antigens and its distribution in population is essential for the effective management of blood transfusion services, in population genetic studies, in resolving medico-legal issues and more importantly in compatibility test in blood transfusion practice. Study is aimed to provide data on ABO and Rh-D distribution in Gwalior region (Madhya Pradesh) and its comparison with related studies in India and abroad. Total 90,000 samples in 4 years from January 2004 to December 2007 were grouped for ABO, Rh-D and their subgroups at

Aim: This study was aimed to review and establish the practice of exchange transfusion (ET) with whole blood reconstituted (WBR) in hemolytic disease of newborn (HDN). Objectives: To observe fall in indirect serum bilirubin, correction of anemia and comparison with related studies. Background: Hemolytic disease of the Newborn is characterized by presence of IgG antibodies in maternal circulation, which causes hemolysis in the fetus by crossing the placenta and sensitizing red cells for destruction by macrophages in the fetal spleen with consequent hyperbilirubinemia. Exchange transfusion with or without phototherapy is the method of choice for treating the newborn with on going hemolysis Methods/Materials: Sample size consisted of 110 neonates in whom 119 exchange transfusions were carried out with WBR. WBR was prepared by suspending O Rhesus-D (RhD) positive/negative cells (compatible with neonate's/ mother's serum) in AB plasma. Double volume exchange transfusion(s) were carried out through umbilical vein by push-pull technique. Results: Out of 110 cases, 61 (55.5%) were of RhD HDN whereas ABO and other group HDN cases were 30 (27.3%) and 19 (17.3%) respectively. An average post-ET fall in indirect serum bilirubin by 54.6% and correction of anemia by 3.7 gm/dl were reported in the study. Conclusion: An average post-ET fall in indirect serum bilirubin and correction of anemia was found to be more significant when compared to other studies. Hence we recommend exchange transfusion in HDN with WBR to obtain reasonable fall in indirect serum bilirubin and high average rate of correction of anemia.

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Introduction: Transfusion Transmitted Infections (TTIs) are a major problem associated with blood transfusion. Accurate estimates of risk of TTIs are essential for monitoring the safety of blood supply and evaluating the efficacy of currently employed screening procedures. Aims: To determine the prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections among blood donors in greater Gwalior region and its surrounding areas i.e. central India and its comparison with other relevant studies.

BACKGROUNDAcute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL), a malignancy of lymphoid lineage cells, has excellent prognosis in children. Leukemia is the most prevalent childhood cancer and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) constitutes 75% of all cases. The most frequent presenting symptoms are fever, weight loss and pallor. Early detection of clinical symptoms positively affects timely diagnosis. AIMS & OBJECTIVESThe objectives of the present study were to assess frequency of presenting symptoms, laboratory data and prognostic factors in children with diagnosis of ALL. MATERIALS & METHODSThe present study ( 2014) was performed in the hematology section of Department of Pathology of Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior over a period of 12 months from 1st October 2013 to 30th September 2014. This was a prospective study. The blood samples were received from various departments of Jayarogya hospital especially from the Pediatric and Medicine departments. RESULTSOut of the 37 cases diagnosed as Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, 25(67.57%) were male and 12(32.43%), were female, (male:female ratio: 2.1:1). 43.35% of patients which comprises highest number of cases belonged to 11-20 years of age group. The most frequent presenting symptoms was fever (83.78%) followed by weakness (70.27%) and loss of appetite (27% while most frequent presenting sign was pallor (86.48%) followed by lymphadenopathy (67.57%) and splenomegaly (48.65%)). Complete blood cell count was abnormal in all of the patients, and pancytopenia was detected in 10.81% of the patients. Of all the patients, 91.89% had abnormal white blood cell (WBC) count at presentation, 10.81% had leucopenia and 80% had leucocytosis. FAB L1 subtype was more common as compared to FAB L2 subtype. CONCLUSIONIn our study (2014), Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia was more prevalent in males than in females and more common in childhood than in adult. FAB L1 subtype was more common as compared to FAB L2 subtype.

Introduction: Transfusion Transmitted Infections (TTIs) threaten safety of the recipients and the community as a whole and are the subject of real concern worldwide. Aims and Objectives: To know the prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections amongst the blood donors, to evaluate the changing trends of TTIs and to compare these observations within the study as well as with the other relevant studies. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at Blood Bank, Department of Pathology, Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior, India, from January 2004 to December 2013 (ten years). Materials and Methods: In this study 122,006 voluntary and replacement donations were screened for TTIs; HIV, HBV, HCV, Syphilis, Malaria and their seroprevalence was calculated. Further study was divided in Group "A" (from 2004 to 2008) and Group "B" (from 2009 to 2013) to compare the results. Results: Out of total 122,006 blood units collected, 79,750 (65.3%) were voluntary and 42,256 (34.7%) were replacement donors. The seropositivity of TTIs in the entire study, in group "A" and in Group "B" was 3.26% (3985/122,006) (p = 0.000005), 2.25% (1238/54,874) (p = 0.000005) and 4.09% (2747/67,123) (p = 0.000005) respectively. In Group "A" and "B" seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, Syphilis and Malaria was 0.29%,