Morphologically, the male breasts, like its female counter organs, consist of glandular and adipose tissues. However, in men, glandular units are composed of ducts only, which are typically circumscribed underneath the nipple-areolar complex (1). Pathological lesions in male breasts are not common. Gynecomastia is the most common lesion in men. Its prevalence varies from 32% to 65% with respect to age groups. In postmortem male breast specimens, gynecomastia has been reported in 45%-50% of the cases (2). Similarly, carcinomas rarely occur in male breasts. It accounts for 1% of all breast cancer cases arising in both sexes, and approximately 1% of all malignancies occur in men. Clinically, it resembles gynecomastia as well as any other benign pathological lesions associated with male breast enlargement. Therefore, urgent discrimination of these two contrasting pathological entities is necessary (3). For this purpose, core needle biopsy and the recently amended vacuum-assisted breast biopsy are the most useful diagnostic method. However, as the most common male breast pathology, gynecomastia is best cured conservatively; it is therefore unreasonable to consider biopsy as the primary diagnostic intervention. On the contrary, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) provides prompt and precise diagnoses economically and conveniently (4, 5). This study aimed to cytologically evaluate various pathological lesions that affect the male breasts and to validate the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC against the histopathology wherever practicable.