The study was designed as a descriptive one to reveal the beliefs and attitudes of the women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. It was carried out at the university hospital in Erzurum between July 2005 and March 2006. The data were collected through semistructured in-depth interviews with 31 women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. The data obtained were evaluated by content analysis. These evaluations revealed five themes concerning the beliefs and attitudes of the women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy: (1) feminine identity, (2) husband/family relationships, (3) sexual life, (4) menopause, and (5) relatives' opinions. These findings about cultural beliefs and attitudes of the women undergoing hysterectomy will enable health care providers to provide culturally sensitive and comprehensive care to women; it is also expected to enable health care providers to instruct women to avoid unnecessary delay of hysterectomy.
The aim of this study was to investigate the nature of the relationship between public causal beliefs and social distance from people with schizophrenia. Regression analysis of the results of a vignette-based opinion survey was conducted on a representative population sample in Erzincan (n = 856). The findings of this study suggest that there is a positive relationship between biological causal beliefs (i.e. 'brain and disease' and 'heredity') and social distance from people with schizophrenia. It would be premature to draw conclusions with regard to interventions aimed at reducing discrimination based on stigma. However, our study provides stimulus for reconsidering the assumptions underlying biological concepts among the public, which might not contribute to a desired reduction in social distance from people with schizophrenia.
The role of psychological factors related to headache has long been a focus of investigation. The aim of this study was to evaluate anxiety, depression, hostility and psychological symptoms in patients with migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) and to compare the results with healthy controls. Seventy-five subjects with migraine and 55 subjects with TTH (according to the criteria of the International Headache Society classification) and a control group including 73 healthy subjects were studied. The Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, Brief Symptom Inventory, State-trait Anxiety Inventory, Trait form were administered to the subjects. Compared with healthy controls, the patients with headache had significantly higher scores on measures of anxiety, depression and hostility and lower scores on psychological symptoms. The present results indicate the need to distinguish the unique dimensions of anxiety, depression and hostility that should be assessed in the population with headaches.
We performed the present study to compare patients with migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) in their behaviour during the attacks and the manoeuvres to relieve the pain. One hundred thirty consecutive patients with either migraine (n = 75) or TTH (n = 55) were questioned (including the use of a checklist) concerning their usual behaviour during the attacks and non-pharmacological manoeuvres performed to relieve the pain. The results of the two types of headache were compared. Patients with migraine tended to perform more manoeuvres than patients with TTH (mean: 4.3 vs. 3.6). These manoeuvres included pressing and applying cold stimuli to the painful site, trying to sleep, changing posture, sitting or reclining in bed (using more pillows than usual to lay down), isolating themselves, using symptomatic medication, inducing vomiting, changing diet and becoming immobile during the attacks. The only measure predominantly reported by patients with TTH was scalp massage. Migraineurs, compared to patients with TTH, changing eating habits, pressed the pain site; there were no significant differences between the two groups. The behaviour of patients during headache attacks varies with the diagnosis. Measures that do not always result in pain relief are performed in order to prevent its worsening or to improve associated symptoms. These behavioural differences may be because of the different pathogenesis of the attacks or of various styles of dealing with the pain. They can also aid the differential diagnosis between headaches in doubtful cases.
ÖzToplumda yaşayan ruhsal sorunlu bireylerde artış ruh sağlığının yükseltilmesi ve ruhsal bozukluklarla mücadele konularına odaklanılmasına neden olunmuştur. Sağlığı yükseltme ve başa çıkma mekanizmalarına vurgu yapması salutogenez model olarak değerli kılar. Bu makale de Antonovsky`nin salutogenez ve teorinin ana kavramı olan bütünlük (tutarlılık) duygusunu açıklamayı ve teorinin ruh sağlığı ve psikiyatri hemşireliğine uygulanabilirliğini tartışılması amaçlanmıştır. AbstractIncreasing number of people who live with mental health problems for many years in the community brings into focus the need for recovery within a coping and mental health promotion perspective. The value of the salutogenic theory is that it emphasizes promoting coping and health. This article aims to illustrate how Antonovsky's salutogenic theory and its central concept of sense of coherence and discusses how mental health nurses can use the theories in their praxis.
Beyhan Bag ÖZET Kanser hastalığıyla ilgi erken teşhis yöntemlerinde ve tedavideki gelişmeler, hastalıktan uzun dönemli sağkalım oranını yükseltmiştir. Araştırmalar kanser hastalarında tedavi sonrasında hastalığın kendisinden veya tedaviden kaynaklanan olası psikososyal sorunların sağlık sistemine olan maliyetinin artırdığını göstermiştir. Bu saptama aynı zamanda kanser hastalarının tedavi sonrası uzun dönemle izlenmesi, tedavi ve bakımında sürekliliğin sağlanmasının önemini vurgular. Kanser tedavisinden sonra uzun dönemli sağ kalımı olan hastaların tedavi ve bakımında devamlılığın sağlanabilmesi için uzun dönemli tedavi planın önerildiği uluslararası yönergeler geliştirilmiştir. Ülkemizde kanser hastaları için sunulan psikososyal alanda ki hizmetler yeni kurulma ve anlaşılma evresinde olduğundan oldukça yetersizdir. Yeni kurulacak sistemde, kanserin tedavisinden sonra bu hastalardaki tedavi ve bakımdaki devamlılığın sağlanarak bu özel grup için evde bakım hizmetleri ve rehabilitasyon kapsamında çeşitli danışmanlık servislerinin ve organizasyonların oluşturulması ve uygulamaya geçirilmesi bu alandaki iş gücü ve maliyet kaybının büyük bir oranda önlenmesine yol açacağı gibi bu hastalardaki yaşam kalitesini yükseltecektir.
ÖZETPsiko-onkolojiyi günümüzde modern onkolojiden ayrı düşünmek olası değil-dir. Onkoloji servislerindeki sağlık çalışanlarından hastaların psikososyal gereksinimlerini fark edebilecek ve gerektiğinde hastalar için psiko-onkolojik tedavi talep edebilecek düzeyde bir bilgiye sahip olması beklenir. Dünya Kanser Raporu verilerine göre ise onkoloji çalışanları kanser hastalarının ve ailelerinin psikososyal gereksinimlerini tespiti konusunda yetersizdir. Onkoloji servislerinde çalışan sağlık personeli için kanser hastalarının psiko-sosyal gereksinimlerinin farkındalığını artırmaya yönelik ve terapötik görüşme teknikleriyle ilgili hizmet içi eğitimlerin düzenlenmesi kaçınılmazdır. Psikolojik tedavi ve bakım gereksinimini belirlemek için tanı ve tedavinin ilk aşamasında bulunan kanser hastalarının tümüne uygulanacak standart bir psikolojik tarama testlerinin geliştirilip uygulanması bu sürecin diğer bir adımını oluşturabi-lir. Onkoloji servislerindeki uzmanların ve kanser hastalarıyla çalışan sağlık personelinin bu konuda belirli bir bakış açısına sahip olması önemlidir. Bu amaçtan yola çıkarak bu yazıda kanser hastalarının yaşabileceği psikososyal sorunları ve psiko-onkolojide kullanılan ölçüm yöntemleri ele alınmıştır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Kanser, psiko-onkoloji, psikososyal sorunlar ABSTRACT It is not possible to conceive psycho-oncology separately from modern oncology. It is expected from medical personnel to realize patients' psycho-social needs and to possess knowledge about the demanding psycho-oncologic treatment for patients if it is needed. According to World Cancer Report statistics, the oncology personnel lack ability to determine the psycho-social needs of cancer patients and their families. For the medical personnel that work in oncology services, it is inevitable to raise the awareness of the cancer patients' psychosocial needs and to arrange in-service trainings about thera-
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