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The study was designed as a descriptive one to reveal the beliefs and attitudes of the women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. It was carried out at the university hospital in Erzurum between July 2005 and March 2006. The data were collected through semistructured in-depth interviews with 31 women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. The data obtained were evaluated by content analysis. These evaluations revealed five themes concerning the beliefs and attitudes of the women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy: (1) feminine identity, (2) husband/family relationships, (3) sexual life, (4) menopause, and (5) relatives' opinions. These findings about cultural beliefs and attitudes of the women undergoing hysterectomy will enable health care providers to provide culturally sensitive and comprehensive care to women; it is also expected to enable health care providers to instruct women to avoid unnecessary delay of hysterectomy.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between risk factors and breast cancer in Turkish women. In a hospital-based case-control study in Istanbul, 405 patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer were compared with 1050 controls, who were admitted to different departments of the same hospital. Unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each risk factor were obtained from logistic regression analyses. Risk factors for breast cancer were found to be early menarche age (OR 3.87, 95% CI 2.46-6.08), use of alcohol (OR 3.87, 95% CI 1.79-8.37), history of diabetes (OR 3.31, 95% CI 2.36-4.64) or hypertension (OR 3.44, 95% CI 2.07-5.71), oral contraceptive use (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.38-2.85) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.15-3.29). The findings of the present study indicated that history of diabetes or hypertension, use of alcohol, oral contraceptive and HRT, never having breastfed and delayed age at first birth associated with changing of lifestyle led to an increased risk of breast cancer in Turkish women.

The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for cervical cancer in Turkish women. In a hospital-based case-control study in ‹stanbul, 209 patients with histologically confirmed cervical cancer were compared with 1050 controls, who were admitted to the different departments of the same hospital. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were obtained from multivariate logistic regression analysis, fitted by the method of maximum likelihood. Risk factors for cervical cancer were found to be early age at first sexual intercourse (OR = 58.07, 95% CI: 27.88-120.95) and history of genital infection (OR = 5.17, 95% CI: 3.51-7.60). However, compared with controls, it was found that cases including higher education (OR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.10-0.30), non-married (OR = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.04-0.12) and non-use of alcohol (OR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.14-0.65) had a decreased risk for cervical cancer. Our results are supportive of the hypothesis that early age at first sexual intercourse and history of genital infection is related with the risk factors for cervical cancer. Therefore, monogamy, late commencement of sexual activity, personal hygiene and use of barrier contraceptive methods help towards primary prevention. Keywords: Cervical cancer, Risk factors ABSTRACT Servikal Kanser ‹çin Risk Faktörleri: Hastane Temelli Vaka-Kontrol Çal›flmas›n›n Sonuçlar›Bu araflt›rman›n amac›, Türk kad›nlar›'ndaki servikal kanser risk faktörlerini belirlemektir. ‹stanbul'da yürütülen hastane temelli vaka-kontrol çal›flmas›nda, histolojik olarak servikal kanser tan›s› konulmufl 209 hasta, ayn› hastanenin farkl› bölümlerine baflvuran 1050 kontrol grubuyla karfl›laflt›r›ld›. Göreli risk oranlar› (ORs) ve %95 güven aral›¤› (CI), maksimum benzerlik metoduyla uygunlu¤u sa¤lanan, çok de¤iflkenli lojistik regression analizinden elde edildi. Servikal kanser için risk faktörleri, erken yafllarda ilk cinsel iliflki (OR = 58.07, 95% CI: 27.88-120.95) ve genital infeksiyon öyküsü (OR = 5.17, 95% CI: 3.51-7.60) olarak bulundu. Buna ragmen kontrol grubuyla karfl›laflt›r›ld›¤›nda, yüksek e¤itim (OR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.10-0.30), evli olmama (OR = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.04-0.12) ve sigara kullanmama (OR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.14-0.65), servikal kanser için azalt›c› risk faktörü olarak belirlendi. Araflt›rma sonucu, erken yaflta ilk cinsel iliflkinin ve genital infeksiyon öyküsünün servikal kanser için risk faktörü oldu¤unu göstermektedir. Bu nedenle primer korunmada tek efllilik, seksüel aktivitenin uygun yaflta bafllat›lmas› ve bariyerli kontraseptif yöntem kullan›m› önemlidir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Serviks kanseri, Risk faktörleriULUSLARARASı HEMATOLOJI-ONKOLOJI DERGISI ARTICLE