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A four-week exercise program including individualized health counselling to relieve low back and pelvic pain improved the functional status in pregnant women.

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Despite being associated with high morbidity and mortality, breast cancer is a disease that can be diagnosed and treated early. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 321 women, data were collected by Questionnaire, Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Form and Champion's Health Belief Model Scale. Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Chisquared tests and logistic regression were used in the statistical analysis. Results: It was found that only 2.2% of women have high and very high risk levels of breast cancer risk. There is a positive correlation between early diagnosis techniques and Health Belief Model Sub-Dimension scores which are sensibility, health motivation, BSE (Breast self-examination) self-efficient perception and negative correlation between mammography barrier score and BSE barrier score (p 0.05). When factors for not having BSE were examined, it was determined that the women who do not have information about breast cancer and the women who smoke have a higher risk of not having BSE. Conclusions: It is important to determine health beliefs and breast cancer risk levels of women to increase the frequency of early diagnosis. Women's health beliefs are thought to be a good guide for planning health education programs for nurses working in this area.

Psychometric evaluation of a Turkısh version of the e-health literacy scale (e-heals) in adolescentThe young people who are closely associated with the internet are an ideal group for the testing e health literacy measurement. The purpose of this study is to make validity and reliability of the turkısh form of e health literacy scale analysis.e-Health literacy scale was developed by Norman and Skinner ın 2006. This study is a methodologic research which is carried out between January and February 2014. This study was carried out with 100 students who are between the ages of 14-21. Data collectıon form ıncludes the guestıons about the students' socio-demographıc characterıstıcs, e health literacy scale and Lıkert type attitude scale about the usıng of ınternet ın adolescents. The linguistic equıvalence of e health literacy scale was examıned. In thıs study the Kaıser-Meyer-Orkın (KMO) coeffıcient was 0,75 and Bartlett sphericity test was 204,5 and p<.001. The correlatıon coefıccıent (0,39; p<0,001) was determıned. Cronbach's alpha, item-total correlatıon and test-retest reliability coefficient were determined for reliability study. In this study Cronbach alpha value (0,78) was found. Test-retest reliability coefficient (0,87) was found. The scale of item-total correlatıons ranged between 0,43 and 0,57. Only one matter is 0,24. This study showed that e-Health literacy scale in turkısh form is valid and reliable.

Testicular cancer (TC) is the most common malignancy among men aged 15-35 years. Testicular self-examination (TSE) is an important tool for preventing late-stage TC diagnoses. This study aimed to assess health beliefs and knowledge related to TC and TSE and the effectiveness of TC and TSE training for patient care staff in a hospital. This was a prospective, randomized, controlled intervention study. The study included 96 patient care staff divided into two groups of 48 participants each: Group I, the interactive education group, and Group II, the pamphlet education group. The results demonstrated that TSE practice and TC knowledge significantly increased in both Group I and Group II. Significant differences were observed between the groups pre and post education. TSE and TC knowledge levels were higher for participants in Group I than those in Group II. There was a significant difference in the performance of TSEs between groups: the rates were 83.3% in Group I and 54.2% in Group II. Perceived confidence and perceived barriers increased significantly for both groups. Interactive education sessions should be used to train men at risk for TC to perform TSEs.

It is important that NNN linkages effective for solving the problems are used in different groups and with larger samples to create further evidence linking NNN.

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This study aims to test the validity and reliability of the Exercise Benefits/Barriers Scale (EBBS) for female university students in Turkey. This is a validity and reliability study of the EBBS for use in a Turkish context. The study sample consisted of 409 students of a School of Nursing (97.1% of the total student body). In the study, a three-part questionnaire was used. The EBBS, developed by Sechrist (Sechrist et al., 1987), was used in the study in order to determine the participants' benefitbarrier perceptions. The EBBS validity coefficient was found to be 0.87 (re-test =0.85) for the whole scale, 0.95 (re-test=0.94) for the benefit aspect and, 0.80 (re-test=0.79) for the barrier aspect. "Physical performance" and "preventive health" were given the highest scores by the participants within the EBBS's benefit subscales. The exercise barrier subscale with the lowest score was "exercise milieu". Determining the benefits of and barriers to exercise, by using a standardized scale, plays an important role in maintaining proper levels of physical activity. The Turkish translation of the EBBS model has shown it to be an effective tool for measuring physical activity among female Turkish university students.