The aims of this research are to inspect and investigate the impact of the competence of village officials, compliance with financial reporting, and the internal control environment on fraud prevention and to test the effectiveness of the role of village assistants to strengthen or weaken. This research is the actors who manage the village funds taken from each village, namely the head, secretary and village treasurer, with a total of 327 respondents. Sampling using the perposive sampling method, namely sampling based on criteria. Methods of data analysis using the WarpPLS 7.0 program assistance technique. Results have demonstrated that the expertise of village officials, compliance with financial statements and the internal monitoring environment have had a substantial and partial impact on the fraud prevention in village fund administration, the efficacy of the position of village assistants has not improved the competence of village officials to deter fraud, the effectiveness of village assistants. Internal regulation of fraud prevention in the administration of village funds, the moderation variable in this analysis was listed as quasi-modersai because the effectiveness component has a direct effect on the prevention of fraud.

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammation that can affect the distal part of the colon, submucosa and rectal mucosa, and can affect the entire colon even to the terminal ileum. There are several factors that can cause this disease, such as genetics, environment, intestinal microbiota and the presence of enteric infectious agents. Chemical induction in experimental animals for research on gastrointestinal inflammation has been frequently used due to the similarity of the anatomical and physiological structures of experimental animals with the human digestive tract. This review focuses on recent understanding of the chemicals that used as induction agents in animals

Background: Physiological aging and due to oxidative stress in long term will have an impact on cellular response disorders, can caused aging of hippocampus and senility. Brain weight is known to decrease with age and p16INK4a as aging biomarkers have been investigated. Andaliman is one of typical herbal plants from North Sumatra has been widely used as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging. Objective: This study was evaluated effect of andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) fruit ethanol extract (AEE) on brain weight and p16INK4a expression in aging model rats. Methods: This study was carried out experimentally of 24 male wistar rats. The treatment group consisted of 4 groups; KN= negatif control (normal), KP= positif control (aging model rat), P1 and P2= aging model rat + AEE at dose 150 and 300mg/kgbw, respectively. The aging model rats were D-galactose-induced at dose of 150mg/kgbw for 8 weeks. Brain weigth were recorded by digital scales. p16INK4a expression using immunohistochemical methods. The data analysis with Anova test. Results: This study showed differences brain weight between groups (p=0.523). Brain weight in P1 (1.34±0,06) and P2 (1.30±0.09) tendency increased than KP (1.29±0.62). The p16INK4a expression between groups significant difference (p=0.041), continued with post hoc Least Significant Difference (LSD) showed p16INK4a expression in KN significant decreased than KP (p=0.027). Likewise, p16INK4a expression in P2 was significant decreased than KP (p=0.010).Conclusion: Andaliman ethanol extract at a dose 300mg/kgbw for 8 weeks was improved aging process caused D-galactose induced.

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is carcinoma arising from nasopharyngeal mucosa that shows light microscopic of squamous differentiation. Data from GLOBOCAN (Global Burden of Cancer) 2018, nasopharyngeal carcinoma ranks fifth based on the incidence of new cases from all malignancies in Indonesia. The high mortality rate indicates that NPC management through surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have not been completely satisfactory. Recently, Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor has developed which is an effective cancer immunotherapy. Abnormal expression of PD-L1 in various types of malignant tumors is associated with invasion, decreased T-lymphocyte infiltration, poor prognosis, and survival time.Objective: This study aimed to assess expression of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemistry staining in nasopharyngeal carcinoma at Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Haji Adam Malik Medan 2018. Material and Method: This study is descriptive and cross-sectional, which enrolled 50 PD-L1 stained slides of NPC biopsy and assessed by Histo-score. Expression of PD-L1 negative is 0-99, and positive is 100-300. Result: From 50 specimens in this study, we found that NPC patients were dominated by men (72%), with mean age 46,5±13,1 years-old. Positive expression of PD-L1 staining are 23 (46%) specimens, and negative expression of PD-L1 staining are 27 (54%) specimens. Conclusion: Expression of PD-L1 immunohistochemistry staining in this study were found fewer positive expressions compared to negative expressions.

Nowadays, breast cancer has been known as heterogenous disease with various biological features which require different therapy strategies. Breast cancers with lack or no expression of estrogen (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) are defined as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). To date, Ki-67 has been used in order to characterize cell proliferation. This study is to analyze Ki-67 labeling index (LI) expression based on clinicopathological features of TNBC. This descriptive study with cross-sectional design was performed. Data about demographics were extracted from patients' medical record and histopathologic feature and immunohistochemistry was done. Results of analysis data were presented in frequency tables. Mean and standard deviation Ki-67 LI were also obtained. In this study, most patients aged 35-49 years old with mean of 46,8 years old. Most of them had bigger tumour size, had already metastasized to lymph node, had no distant metastases and higher stage. Ki-67 LI value in this study quite high with mean of 43,89%. %. If TNBC patients were young, had distant metastases, higher mitotic count (≥15/10 HPF) and higher grade, they tended to have higher Ki-67 LI. Patients with metaplastic carcinoma of no special type and carcinoma with medullary features also tended to have higher Ki-67 LI. Meanwhile tumour size, metastases to lymph node and clinical stage were not in accordance with Ki-67 LI.

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