Purpose The routine examination of vitamin D levels is carried out by checking serum 25(OH)D levels, while serum 1.25(OH)D levels are less frequently utilized. The proposition that testing for salivary vitamin D can show a correlation with serum levels in healthy people is questionable, especially with low vitamin D intake. This study aimed to find the correlation between vitamin D levels, which were assessed as 25(OH)D and 1.25(OH)D in saliva, and serum 25(OH)D and 1.25(OH)D levels in people with low vitamin D intake. Patients and Methods This study is a cross-sectional study involving healthy men and women, aged 18–60 years, carried out from August to November, 2020, in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The parameters studied were the 25(OH)D and 1.25(OH)D levels in saliva and serum, and vitamin D intake. The statistical analysis used was the Spearman correlation test, performed to determine the correlation between each parameter. Results This study involved 56 study subjects, who were rural adults (male or female) with a 78.6% deficiency in 25(OH)D found by examining saliva, and a 76.8% deficiency found by examining the serum. All of the subjects were categorized as having low vitamin D intake (less than 15 micrograms per day). The analysis showed a moderate correlation between levels of saliva 25(OH)D and serum 25(OH)D ( p = 0.424), and a weak correlation between levels of saliva 1.25(OH)D and serum 25(OH)D ( p = 0.339). Conclusion In people with low vitamin D intake, there was a moderate correlation between serum 25(OH)D and saliva, but a weak correlation was found in the 1.25(OH)D assay. The use of saliva 25(OH)D levels to detect 25(OH)D in the circulation is a possible non-invasive alternative to serum testing.

Thyroid carcinoma is a malignancy of the thyroid gland derived from follicular or parafollicular cells. Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine gland malignancy and accounts for approximately 1% of all malignancies. Thyroid carcinoma ranked ninth of 10 most common carcinomas in Indonesia. It may occur at any age but is usually diagnosed between the 3rd and 6th decade. The incidence is three or four times higher in females than in males. Based on histological features thyroid carcinoma is classified into four major types: papillary, follicular, anaplastic and medullary carcinoma. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4) are thyroid gland hormones. Low T3 and T4 accompanied with high TSH levels are associated with malignancy in thyroid carcinoma. This study aimed to determine the correlation between TSH, T3, T4 hormone levels, and histological type of thyroid carcinoma at the Adam Malik Hospital Medan between 2013 and 2015. The study was a cross-sectional analytical study. The sample was be obtained using consecutive sampling method. Data were collected from medical records of thyroid carcinoma patients that had undergone pathological examination and thyroid function test at the Adam Malik Hospital Medan between 2013 and 2015. Based on the Chi-Square analysis, there was a significant difference between T3 hormone level with the histopathological type of thyroid carcinoma (p<0.001), however it did not apply to the level of T4 (p = 0.120) and TSH (p = 0.328).

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BACKGROUND: Routine examination of Vitamin D levels is carried out by checking serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels which indicate circulating Vitamin D levels. While serum 1.25(OH)D levels are less frequently performed, although serum 1.25(OH)D levels represent the active form of Vitamin D be a substitute for checking Vitamin D levels. AIMS: This study aims to see the correlation between Vitamin D levels, namely, 25(OH)D and 1.25(OH)D saliva, which correlate with serum 25(OH)D and 1.25(OH)D levels so that the examination of salivary Vitamin D levels can be a substitute for checking serum Vitamin D levels. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional study involving healthy men and women, aged 20–50 years, sampling in Lima Puluh Village, Batubara District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The parameters studied were 25(OH)D and 1.25(OH)D levels of saliva and serum. RESULTS: This study involved 56 study subjects, male and female, with a percentage of deficiencies of 78.6% by examining 25(OH)D saliva and 76.8% by examining 25(OH)D serum. As for the 1.25(OH)D examination of saliva and serum, all were within normal limits. The analysis showed that a moderate correlation was obtained for levels of 25(OH)D saliva with serum 25(OH)D (p = 0.424) and a weak correlation for levels of 1.25(OH)D saliva with serum 25(OH)D (p = 0.339). CONCLUSIONS: Salivary 25(OH)D assay can be used to replace serum 25(OH)D assay in healthy people as a non-invasive alternative.

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Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is an epithelial malignancy most commonly found in human about 75-80% of non-melanoma cancer. At the moment, BCC has been one of the most important health problems, due to increasing number of incidents. Studies about the relationship between clinicopathologic data and histopathologic subtypes of BCC in Indonesia especially in Medan are still limited. Therefore, the researchers are interested in this study. Objective: To analyze the relationship between clinicopathologic data and histopathologic subtypes of BCC. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using formalin-fixed tissue paraffin blocks from 38 BCC patients. Clinical data such as age, gender, occupation, ethnic groups, tumour location and size were recorded. Then, each BCC cases were reviewed for determining histopathologic subtypes of BCC. Then, the relationship between clinicopathologic data and histopathologic subtypes in BCC was assassed and analyzed with statistical software by using the chi-square test or fisher exact test. Results and Discussion: About 68.4% samples aged > 60 years old; 57.9% women; 36.8% housewives; 44.7% located in mid face, mostly in palpebra; 50% with size of ≥1.5cm; 78.9% nodular BCC; and 89.5% with lower recurrence risks. Men tend to have BCC than women because they smoke more and tend to work outdoor. That's why they are more exposed to UV rays. These factors are thought to trigger tumour growth. Conclussion: There were no statistically significant relationships between age, gender, occupations, ethnic, tumour location and size with histopathologic subtypes of BCC

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Background and Objectives: Examination of serum 25(OH)D levels of vitamin D in the body circulation illustrates the level of circulating vitamin D, while serum 1.25(OH)D is used to describe vitamin D activity. Several studies have shown that there is a non-invasive test that can be done to check vitamin D levels, namely through salivary levels. This study aims to determine the ratio between serum 25(OH)D and 1.25(OH)D serum levels and to compare the levels in saliva.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study that included 36 healthy people, male and female, aged 18-35 years old, living in Medan, North Sumatra. The tests performed were levels of 25(OH)D, 1.25(OH)D in serum and saliva.Results: The mean serum 25 (OH) D level was 17.22±4.37 ng/mL and the 25(OH)D saliva level was 3.46 ng/mL for the minimum value and 51.0 ng/mL for the maximum value (median: 6.01 ng/mL). The results showed a relationship between 25(OH)D saliva and serum 25(OH)D levels (p=0.04). There was no relationship between the levels of 1.25(OH)D in saliva and serum 1.25(OH)D.Conclusion: There was a relationship between 25(OH)D saliva and 25(OHD) serum levels in healthy people. Salivary 25(OH)D levels can be used as a non-invasive laboratory test compared to serum 25(OH)D levels.