The technique of providing basic and quick life support (BHD) and transportation to patients with cardiac and pulmonary arrest can save a patient's life. An ambulance driver as one of the ambulance personnel should be equipped with the two forms of skills above. The aim of community service is to increase the capacity of ambulance drivers in terms of providing basic life support skills and patient transportation to improve patient safety. This training was held in September 2019, at the H. Adam Malik General Hospital Training Center Installation Medan, with 24 participants. The training is carried out with 2 methods, namely exposure to BHD theory and BHD skills training. The knowledge and skills of participants before and after the training were assessed. Pre and post assessment results were analyzed using paired t-test with a significance level of p <0.05 Ambulance drivers in the Medan Tuntung and Medan Sunggal area are mostly over 30 years old, with most working as ambulance drivers for more than 5 years. The most recent level of education is high school graduation or equivalent. The results of statistical analysis using paired t-test, obtained a significant difference in the knowledge of ambulance drivers about basic life support theory before and after training (p = 0.000). Likewise, ambulance driver skills in providing basic life support for adult patients, infants and children were significantly different before and after training (p = 0.000). Training in basic life support skills and patient transportation can increase the capacity of ambulance drivers in providing basic life support..

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of hypertension increases with age, more than 1 in every two elderly have hypertension, dominated by women. The primary prevention of hypertension is a worldwide public health concern. Salat Dhuha is a moderate-intensity physical activity. Salat with a two-movement cycle (rakaat) demonstrated improved hemodynamic in adults. AIM: Our study purpose was to asses the effects of 2 and 8 rakaats of Salat Dhuha in improving systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate in healthy elderly women. METHODS: Elderly women in the Senior Care Residence (aged 60–74 years) participated in a 6-week controlled study. We completed a formal physical, clinical, and blood assessments before admission. Participants with a history of hypertension were excluded from the study. The participants were randomized into 2 groups, i.e., “8 rakaats group” (n = 13) and “2 rakaats group” (n = 13) of Salat Dhuha. Two participants dropped out from the present study. At baseline and at the end of 6 weeks study period, blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. All data obtained were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Both groups demonstrated the benefits of Salat Dhuha in improving hemodynamic parameters (systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate). However, the reduction of systolic blood pressure in the “2 rakaats group” (2.16 mmHg) was less than in the “8 rakaats group” (5.50 mmHg), the reduction of diastolic blood pressure in the “2 rakaats group” (0.75 mmHg) was less than the “8 rakaats group” (2.41 mmHg) and the reduction of heart rate in “2 rakaats group” (2.08 bpm) was less than the “8 rakaats group” (6.08 bpm). All differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the Salat Dhuha has a significant potential in improving hemodynamic parameters for elderly women which the more frequent rakaat will give more benefit than less frequent rakaat.

Objective: This study aimed to determine whether the antidiabetic effects of puguntano (Curanga fel-terrae [Lour.]) extract involve anti-inflammatory effects mediated through adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs). Methods: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Wistar rats were induced by a combination of high-fat diet for 5 weeks and injection small dose streptozotocin 30 mg/kg bw/rat. This study was conducted in 48 T2DM rats, which were randomly assigned into two weight-matched groups (n=24, each). Only the treatment group received 0.2 mg/g bw of puguntano extract suspension through oral for 10 days. The clinical characteristics of T2DM and AdipoR were assessed before and after the treatment period. Results: The treatment group demonstrated significantly lower body weight, fasting blood glucose, and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) but higher AdipoR than the control group (all, p<0.001). Furthermore, there were also negative correlations between AdipoR to body weight and HOMA-IR (all, p<0.05). Conclusion: Our data suggest that puguntano could improve glucose metabolism and ameliorate insulin resistance and have anti-inflammatory effects mediated through AdipoR in T2DM.

Background: Physiological aging and due to oxidative stress in long term will have an impact on cellular response disorders, can caused aging of hippocampus and senility. Brain weight is known to decrease with age and p16INK4a as aging biomarkers have been investigated. Andaliman is one of typical herbal plants from North Sumatra has been widely used as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging. Objective: This study was evaluated effect of andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) fruit ethanol extract (AEE) on brain weight and p16INK4a expression in aging model rats. Methods: This study was carried out experimentally of 24 male wistar rats. The treatment group consisted of 4 groups; KN= negatif control (normal), KP= positif control (aging model rat), P1 and P2= aging model rat + AEE at dose 150 and 300mg/kgbw, respectively. The aging model rats were D-galactose-induced at dose of 150mg/kgbw for 8 weeks. Brain weigth were recorded by digital scales. p16INK4a expression using immunohistochemical methods. The data analysis with Anova test. Results: This study showed differences brain weight between groups (p=0.523). Brain weight in P1 (1.34±0,06) and P2 (1.30±0.09) tendency increased than KP (1.29±0.62). The p16INK4a expression between groups significant difference (p=0.041), continued with post hoc Least Significant Difference (LSD) showed p16INK4a expression in KN significant decreased than KP (p=0.027). Likewise, p16INK4a expression in P2 was significant decreased than KP (p=0.010).Conclusion: Andaliman ethanol extract at a dose 300mg/kgbw for 8 weeks was improved aging process caused D-galactose induced.

BACKGROUND: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and PGC-1α were crucial metabolism enzymes not only in the skeletal muscles but also in the liver. Exercise can modify metabolic enzymes to improve insulin resistance. AIM: The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of mRNA liver metabolic enzymes gene, that is, AMPKα1, AMPKα2, and PGC-1α in different types and intensities of exercise. METHODS: Healthy male Wistar rats aged 8 weeks in 150–180 g body weight were given a combination of high fat diet for five weeks and low doses of streptozotocin (30 mg/kgbw and 45 mg/kgbw in 0.1 citrate buffer pH 4,5) to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat model. Animals then were divided into five groups: One group was sedentary, and four groups were forced to run on the treadmill 3 times/week, 30 min each season, for 8 weeks. mRNA gene expression of AMPKα1, AMPKα2, and PGC-1α was determined with real-time PCR. RESULTS: The results showed that expression of mRNA AMPKα1 in treatment groups was elevated than control and the much expression was showed in continuous types. The expression of mRNA AMPKα2 and PGC-1 α was declined in treatment group which little expression was showed in high intensity for AMPKα2 and moderate intensity for PGC-1 α. Base on type and exercise intensity, mRNA AMPKα1 gene expression much in moderate continuous, mRNA AMPKα2 gene expression higher in high intensity, both continuous and interval training, whereas mRNA PGC-1α gene expression higher in interval groups. CONCLUSION: Various types of aerobic exercises with moderate-vigorous intensities gave different impact to mRNA liver metabolic enzyme genes.

Background Difficulties in exercising have occurred for the entire world’s population during this COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the second wave at the end of 2021. Most worrying is the lack of physical activity in young adults, as lack of exercise will increase the risk of noncommunicable diseases in the future. The youth such as university student can be agents of change, to increase physical activity, from sedentary to sport life. This study aimed to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and actions of university students and the correlation between the related variables. Methods This study is a cross-sectional observational study involving 458 Asian university students based on Asian and African nationalities. This research was conducted from December 2021 to January 2022, during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Asia. The variables studied were the knowledge, attitudes, and actions of university students with regard to sports, and the statistical test used was the Chi-squared test. Results The results showed that the research subjects were mainly from Indonesia and India (95.8%), there were more women than men (69.9% vs 30.1%), the most common age range was 18–20 years (61.4%), and 45.4% had a normal body mass index. In total, 48.3% had high knowledge, 93.4% had a positive attitude, and 34.7% had good practice. There was a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude ( p =0.002) but not with action. Conclusion This study found that good knowledge was associated with a good attitude, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic with activity restrictions on university students, there was no relationship with action.

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AIM: To analyse the differential expression of the insulin receptor (IR) gene between moderate continuous and severe continuous training in the T2DM rat model. METHODS: This was an experimental study. Healthy male Wistar was used in this study, which divided into sedentary, moderate continuous training, and severe continuous training. Treated groups were assigned to run on the treadmill three times a week for eight weeks consequently. RESULTS: The result shown that expression of mRNA IR gene in treated groups decline compared to control. There was a difference mRNA IR gene expression after eight weeks of exercise between MCT and control, SCT and control so are MCT and SCT. IR expression on skeletal muscle in treated groups was different compared with control. The distribution of IR on skeletal muscles in treatment groups was significantly increased compared control, but there was no significant difference distribution between MCT and SCT. HOMA-IR post-test in SCT was lower than MCT but FBG post-test lower in MCT than SCT. CONCLUSION: The intensity of exercise makes a difference in IR gene expression between moderate continuous training and severe continuous training after eight weeks of assigned exercise in T2DM rat models.