The technique of providing basic and quick life support (BHD) and transportation to patients with cardiac and pulmonary arrest can save a patient's life. An ambulance driver as one of the ambulance personnel should be equipped with the two forms of skills above. The aim of community service is to increase the capacity of ambulance drivers in terms of providing basic life support skills and patient transportation to improve patient safety. This training was held in September 2019, at the H. Adam Malik General Hospital Training Center Installation Medan, with 24 participants. The training is carried out with 2 methods, namely exposure to BHD theory and BHD skills training. The knowledge and skills of participants before and after the training were assessed. Pre and post assessment results were analyzed using paired t-test with a significance level of p <0.05 Ambulance drivers in the Medan Tuntung and Medan Sunggal area are mostly over 30 years old, with most working as ambulance drivers for more than 5 years. The most recent level of education is high school graduation or equivalent. The results of statistical analysis using paired t-test, obtained a significant difference in the knowledge of ambulance drivers about basic life support theory before and after training (p = 0.000). Likewise, ambulance driver skills in providing basic life support for adult patients, infants and children were significantly different before and after training (p = 0.000). Training in basic life support skills and patient transportation can increase the capacity of ambulance drivers in providing basic life support..
Background: The availability of glucose in tissue has a role in macrophages polarization into an inflammatory phenotype. The over nutrition condition such as hyperglycemia induces macrophage infiltration especially the inflammatory macrophages. The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of hyperglycemia condition on cytokines production by human monocytes-derived macrophages. Materials and methods: Monocyte cells that obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolation from donors were incubated for 6 days in 37°C, 5% CO2. On day 4, the stimulating factors such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (INF)-ɤ were added to activate monocytes into macrophages. Then on day 6, two doses of glucose; either normal or high doses along with low or high dose of LPS were given for 24 hours, followed by collecting the culture media and cells then stored at −80°C until assayed. Results: There was significantly different of TNF-α level among groups, with highest level found in group with high dose glucose plus high dose LPS. However, the concentration of IL-6 among groups was not significantly different. Conclusions: Macrophages treated with high dose glucose plus high dose LPS significantly increased TNF-α production, but not for IL-6.
Perubahan gaya hidup didalam masyarakat, seperti kebiasaan makan berlebihan, terlalu banyak aktivitas, banyak merokok, dan kurang istirahat menyebabkan meningkatnya prevalensi penderita hipertensi. Di Indonesia prevalensi hipertensi mencapai 25,8%. Hipertensi tidak dapat disembuhkan, namun penderita hipertensi dapat memiliki kualitas hidup yang baik dengan melakukan perubahan gaya hidup. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor-faktor gaya hidup berupa kebiasaan merokok, konsumsi kafein dan kualitas tidur dengan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi. Penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan desain cross sectional menggunakan data primer berupa kuesioner dan data sekunder dari rekam medik dengan jumlah responden 116 responden (79 perempuan dan 37 laki-laki) yang terdata sebagai pasien di Puskesmas Padang Bulan dan Puskesmas Teladan. Terdapat 74,1% responden dengan tekanan darah tidak terkontrol. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kebiasaan merokok didapat nilai (p) = 0,923. Kebiasaan konsumsi Kafein didapat nilai (p) = 0,0025. Kualitas Tidur didapatkan nilai (p) = 0,018. Kesimpulan : Kualitas tidur dan konsumsi kafein berhubungan dengan tidak terkontrolnya tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi. Namun, pada kebiasaan merokok tidak didapatkan adanya hubungan dengan peningkatan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi.
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a food additive used in processed food. Long time use of MSG causes oxidative stress and damages kidney. The lycopene contents in watermelon is potential in reducing oxidative stress. This research aimed to discover the effect of watermelon juice in preventing kidney damage in rats.30 Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: four groups fed with 10 mg of MSG / g body weight; three groups of these also fed with 3 different concentrations of watermelon juice (25% in P1, 50% in P2, and 100% in P3) whereas the MSG only is as the control positive (KP). The fifth group is supplemented with water as the negative control (KN).Blood and kidney were takenafter 30 days experiment. The urea levels were significantly higher in P1 (p=0.00) and P3 (p=0.01) in compare to KN, by 67% and 54% respectively. Creatinine levels were significantly lower in all watermelon intake groups by 32-46% in compare to KP. Kidney damages were obvious in group KP (p=0.00) and P1 (p=0.01). This research demonstrated that MSG exposure causedkidney damages and decreased kidney function. Watermelon juice at the concentration of 50% is able to reduce kidney damages by 48%.
BACKGROUND: Macrophages have been widely used for in vitro studies. Despite different types and doses of stimulatory agents that have been tested, there is no consensus for the method. AIM: This study was aimed to determine a sufficient dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate inflammatory response in macrophages. METHODS: Whole blood was collected from four donors after written informed consent. The monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and stimulated with macrophage colony-stimulating factor, LPS, and Interferon-gamma for 6 days until differentiated into macrophages. The production of Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) were quantified after 24-h further stimulation with 100 ng/mL and 2 μg/mL of LPS. RESULTS: Both doses increased TNF-α _production compare to their controls, but not statistically different (p > 0.05). There were also no differences in IL-6 production between treatments, 56.55 ± 32.30 pg/mL and 70.96 ± 65.08 pg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSION: A dose of 100 ng/mL of LPS was sufficient to stimulate inflammatory response in human monocyte-derived macrophages. A 24-h duration of macrophage stimulation was sufficient to observed the production TNF-α.
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