Background: Individuals tend to develop metabolic disorders and other chronic diseases, due to the poor conduction of physical activities. Meanwhile, a high level of physical activity positively affects the quality of life. However, irrespective of the numerous studies reported on the correlation between age, weight, and physical activity, there is limited study on the differences of physical activities in the geriatric and adult groups of obese and non-obese people. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the effect of age and weight on physical activity in geriatric and adult groups. Design and methods: The purposive sampling technique was used to obtain data from 154 respondents from community-integrated health care in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. These respondents were equally divided into two groups of adult (21-60 years) and geriatric (>60 years) groups. Results: The Chi-Square test showed that there were no significant differences between physical activity in the obese and nonobese people of the geriatric groups (P>0.05). Conversely, in the adult group, there were significant differences between physical activities and the age of obese and non-obese groups (P<0.05).Conclusions: In conclusion, age affects physical activity in adult and geriatric groups.

Background: overnutrition problem in children of school age in Indonesia classified as high with the prevalence was 18.8%. Overweight and obesity is an abnormal condition of fat accumulation which caused health problem. There is some of factor caused overweight and obesity are physical activity and nutrition intake.Objective: this study was an observasional analytic using cross sectional design, 88 samples 8-12 years were selected using simple ramdom sampling technique. Data were collected by measuring weight, height, 2x24 hours recall for food intake level, and interview using Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C).Results : the results showed that there was relationship in physical activity, intake of energy, intake of protein, intake of carbohydrate, and intake of fat with overnutrition of elementary student (p<0.05).Conclusion: the low of physical activity and nutrition intake is a factor which can cause overnutrition problem in children.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Masalah gizi lebih yang terjadi di Indonesia masih tergolong tinggi dengan prevalensi 18,8%. Berat badan lebih (overweight) dan obesitas merupakan kondisi sesorang dimana keabnormalan akumulasi lemak yang berlebih dan dapat menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan. Beberapa faktor yang dapat menyebabkan kegemukan satu diantaranya yaitu pola aktivitas dan pola makan.Tujuan : tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dan asupan gizi dengan status gizi pada anak sekolah usia 8-12 tahun.Metode : penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan metode observasional analitik menggunakan desain cross-sectional pada 88 sampel dan dipilih dengan menggunakan simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data terdiri dari pengukuran berat badan, pengukuran tinggi badan, recall 2x24 jam untuk mengetahui tingkat konsumsi dan wawancara dengan kuesioner Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C).Hasil : penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara aktivitas fisik, tingkat asupan energi, tingkat asupan protein, tingkat asupan karbohidrat dan tingkat asupan lemak dengan status gizi lebih anak sekolah (p<0,05).Kesimpulan : aktivitas fisik yang rendah dan asupan gizi merupakan faktor yang dapat menyebabkan masalah gizi lebih pada anak.

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Background: The prevalence of anemia in adolescent girls was quite high and this is influenced by several factors, including low iron intake, low iron absorption, bleeding, malaria, worm infections and other infections, and also menstruation every month. Objective: The purpose of this research was to analyze the relationship between the level of protein, vitamin C, iron and folic acid with anemia among female teenagers. Method: This research a was case control design on class X at SMAN 4 Surabaya. The subject was 44 teenagers, consisting of 22 girls in the control groups and 22 girls in the case groups. Preliminary screening prior to the research found 36 people indicated anemia. Intake of protein, vitamin C, iron and folic acid were obtained through dietary food recall method 2 x 24 hours and compared to the Indonesian standard (AKG). Hemoglobin level was measured using the EasyTouch heamoglobin meter device. The statistical test used in the study was Pearson Correlation test. Result: The results showed that there was significant relationship between the level of protein consumption and incidence of anemia (p<0.001); iron consumption level and anemia (p=0.01) and level of folic acid intake and anemia (p<0.001). On the other hand, there was no significant relationship found between consumption level of vitamin C and anemia (p=1.0).Conclusion: There was significant correlation between level consumption of protein, iron, folid acid and the incidence of anemia, and no significant relationship was found between consumption level of vitamin C and anemia.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Prevalensi anemia pada remaja putri cukup tinggi dan hal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, diantaranya asupan zat besi yang rendah dan didukung oleh absorbsi yang rendah pula, pendarahan, penyakit malaria, infeksi cacing maupun infeksi lainnya, selain itu wanita juga mengalami menstruasi setiap bulannya.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan tingkat konsumsi protein, vitamin c, zat besi dan asam folat dengan status anemia pada remaja putri.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan case control dengan sampel kelas X di SMAN 4 Surabaya. Besar sampel dari penelitian ini yaitu 44 responden, yang terdiri dari 22 kelompok kontrol (kelompok yang tidak anemia) dan 22 responden kasus (kelompok yang anemia). Sebelumnya dilakukan pengambilan data awal untuk mengetahui jumlah populasi yang anemia, dan didapatkan sebanyak 36 orang terindikasi anemia. Data asupan protein, vitamin C, zat besi dan asam folat didapatkan melalui metode recall 2 x 24 hours lalu dibandingkan dengan AKG. Kadar hemoglobin diukur dengan alat easy touch. Uji statistik yang dilakukan yaitu uji korelasi pearsonHasil: Setelah dilakukan penelitian, didapatkan hasil yaitu terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kejadian anemia dengan tingkat konsumsi protein (p<0,001; OR=30,33), kejadian anemia dengan tingkat konsumsi zat besi (p<0,001; OR=8,737) dan yang terakhir hubungan antara kejadian anemia dengan tingkat konsumsi asam folat (p=0,01; OR=9,067). Sebaliknya, tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat konsumsi vitamin C dengan kejadian anemia (p= 1,0).Kesimpulan: Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat konsumsi protein, zat besi dan asam folat, dan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat konsumsi vitamin c dengan anemia. Remaja putri disarankan untuk meningkatkan konsumsi makanan yang kaya akan protein, zat besi dan asam folat seperti sayur-sayuran dan buah-buahan.

AbstrakJumlah perokok di Indonesia makin meningkat setiap tahunnya hingga mencapai hampir 40% dari total penduduk. Terapi antioksidan dapat menurunkan radikal bebas akibat asap rokok yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan dan kematian sel dalam tubuh. Antioksidan superoxide dismutase ekstrak melon dengan kombinasi gliadin berpotensi menurunkan radikal bebas dengan menurunkan malondialdehyde (MDA) dalam darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas suplemen superoxide dismutase-gliadin (SOD-gliadin) dalam menurunkan kadar MDA akibat paparan asap rokok terhadap tikus Wistar. Penelitian menggunakan metode ekperimental dengan post-test control group design di Laboratorium Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Airlangga. Pemberian suplemen SODgliadin dengan paparan asap rokok dua batang per hari dilakukan selama 28 hari (5 April 2016 sampai 12 Mei 2016) dengan menggunakan kelompok kontrol negatif, kelompok kontrol positif, dan tiga kelompok perlakuan dengan dosis ekstrak melon yang berbeda. Selanjutnya, pengukuran kadar MDA dilakukan dengan mengambil serum darah pada semua kelompok. Hasil penelitian, suplemen SOD-gliadin berpengaruh terhadap penurunan kadar MDA serum (ANOVA, p=0,000). Uji least significant difference (LSD) menunjukkan kelima kelompok memberikan hasil yang signifikan terhadap penurunan kadar MDA pada tikus Wistar yang terpapar asap rokok (p<0,05). Penurunan kadar MDA terendah terjadi pada dosis ketiga dibanding dengan dosis SOD-gliadin lainnya. Simpulan, pemberian suplemen SOD-gliadin dapat mengurangi radikal bebas akibat paparan asap rokok.Kata kunci: Antioksidan, malondialdehyde, radikal bebas, rokok, superoxide dismutase Effectiveness Decrease Combined with Supplements Malondialdehyde Antioxidant Superoxide Dismutase Gliadin Melon with Due to Exposure to Cigarette AbstractThe number of smokers in Indonesia was increasing every year to reach nearly 40% of the total population. Antioxidants superoxide dismutase of melon extract able to reduce free radicals in the body. The decrease of free radicals in the body can be measured from malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the blood. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of melon extract for lowering malondyaldehyde level of cigarette smoke exposure on Wistar rats. Research using experimental methods with posttest control group design in Laboratory Medical Faculty, Airlangga University. Melon extract intake with exposure two cigarettes per day for 28 days (5 April 2016 until 12 May 2016) was done by using a negative control group, positive control group and 3 groups experiment with different doses of melon extract. The measurement of MDA level done by taking a blood serum in all groups after 28 days. The results showed SOD-gliadin effect of decreased levels of serum MDA (ANOVA, p=0.000). Least significant difference (LSD) test showed all groups significant results to decreased levels of MDA in Wistar rats were exposed to smoke (p<0.05). The third dose was decreased levels of MDA lowest compared to other doses of SOD-gliadin. The conclusion of the rese...

ABSTRAKPerubahan transisi epidemiologi saat ini terjadi dimana kematian akibat penyakit tidak menular (degeneratif) meningkat dibandingkan penyakit menular. Faktor risiko penyakit degeneratif salah satunya adalah hipertensi. Beberapa faktor risiko yang banyak memengaruhi hipertensi adalah obesitas dan pola makan yang tidak tepat. Berbagai penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa obesitas terutama obesitas sentral, telah terbukti menjadi pemicu terjadinya hipertensi. Faktor pola makan yang tidak tepat terkait asupan lemak berlebih dan rasio asupan kalsium magnesium yang tidak seimbang juga dapat mengakibatkan hipertensi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara lingkar perut, asupan lemak, dan rasio asupan kalsium magnesium dengan terjadinya hipertensi. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan rancangan case control di Rumah Sakit Universitas Airlangga, sampel kasus diambil dari pasien hipertensi di Poli Kardiologi Vaskuler dan sampel kontrol diambil dari pengunjung rumah sakit. Subjek diambil secara simple random sampling dan didapatkan masing-masing 27 orang untuk sampel kasus dan kontrol, kemudian dilakukan pengukuran tekanan darah, antropometri, recall konsumsi makanan dan wawancara. Hasil uji Chi square menunjukkan bahwa lingkar perut (p = 0,000) dan asupan lemak (p = 0,024) mempunyai hubungan yang signifi kan dengan terjadinya hipertensi, sedangkan rasio asupan kalsium magnesium (p = 0,537) tidak mempunyai hubungan signifi kan dengan terjadinya hipertensi. Hasil uji hubungan regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa lingkar perut mempunyai hubungan paling bermakna dengan terjadinya hipertensi (p = 0,012; OR = 9,508). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa lingkar perut (obesitas sentral) dan asupan lemak di atas angka kecukupan gizi berhubungan signifi kan dengan terjadinya hipertensi. Seseorang yang obesitas sentral mempunyai risiko 9,508 kali menderita hipertensi daripada seseorang dengan lingkar perut normal. Kata kunci: asupan zat gizi, hipertensi, obesitas ABSTRACT In the epidemiological transition, death due to degenerative disease is higher than infectious

Objective: Exposure to electronic cigarette smoke causes an increase of free radicals. Physiologically, the body produces antioxidant superoxide dismutase to neutralize the free radicals. However, an excessive increase of the free radicals will result in an imbalance between the amount of free radicals and antioxidants. The free radicals in the body can trigger lipid peroxidation so that it will result in oxidative stress causing cell damage. Malondialdehyde increase is a marker of oxidative stress in the body. The aim of this research is to understand the changes and the relationship between levels of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in the blood due to exposure to electronic cigarette smoke. Methods: This research is an experimental study using male Wistar rats as experimental animal models. In the study, the exposure to electronic cigarette smoke with different duration of administration was carried out. Next, blood samples were taken to check the levels of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde. Results: The results showed a difference in antioxidant levels between antioxidant Superoxide Dismutase and malondialdehyde (p<0.05). Meanwhile the relationship between the two groups showed a strong (r = 0.893) and significant (p = 0.000) relationship. Conclusion: The exposure to electronic cigarette smoke can reduce the level of antioxidant superoxide dismutase and increase the level of malondialdehyde in blood. In addition, changes in the levels of antioxidant superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde had a strong and significant relationship.

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency may contribute to certain health problems among senior people. Excessive body weight lowers the vitamin D level. Hypovitaminosis D affects older adults, with a greater risk of infection, disease, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and dementia. However, little is known as to what extent the knowledge of vitamin D's benefits contributes to the attitude toward sunlight exposure among people at risk of hypovitaminosis D. Aim: The objective was to investigate the effect of knowledge of vitamin D on attitudes toward sunlight among 166 middle-aged and elderly people in East Java, Indonesia. Method: We conducted an observational study using a case control design. The sample was purposively recruited among visitors consulting the geriatric clinic at a community health centre in Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia. Each case and control group consisted of 83 men and women aged 46 years old or older. The assignment of subjects to each group was determined based on their body mass index (BMI). A standardised questionnaire was delivered to the study subjects to obtain data on their knowledge and attitudes related to vitamin D. A Chi square test was performed to assess the difference between the obese group and the nonobese group. Results: Our study found no significant difference in relation to the knowledge of vitamin D between the two groups (p=0.436). However, the two groups showed a significant difference in attitude toward sun exposure (p=0.030). Conclusion: No significant effect was found between knowledge of vitamin D and attitude toward sun exposure among the adults.