Hubungan Tingkat Konsumsi Protein, Vitamin C, Zat Besi dan Asam Folat dengan Kejadian Anemia Pada Remaja Putri SMAN 4 Surabaya

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of anemia in adolescent girls was quite high and this is influenced by several factors, including low iron intake, low iron absorption, bleeding, malaria, worm infections and other infections, and also menstruation every month. Objective: The purpose of this research was to analyze the relationship between the level of protein, vitamin C, iron and folic acid with anemia among female teenagers. Method: This research a was case control design on class X at SMAN 4 Surabaya. The subject was 44 teenagers, consisting of 22 girls in the control groups and 22 girls in the case groups. Preliminary screening prior to the research found 36 people indicated anemia. Intake of protein, vitamin C, iron and folic acid were obtained through dietary food recall method 2 x 24 hours and compared to the Indonesian standard (AKG). Hemoglobin level was measured using the EasyTouch heamoglobin meter device. The statistical test used in the study was Pearson Correlation test. Result: The results showed that there was significant relationship between the level of protein consumption and incidence of anemia (p<0.001); iron consumption level and anemia (p=0.01) and level of folic acid intake and anemia (p<0.001). On the other hand, there was no significant relationship found between consumption level of vitamin C and anemia (p=1.0).Conclusion: There was significant correlation between level consumption of protein, iron, folid acid and the incidence of anemia, and no significant relationship was found between consumption level of vitamin C and anemia.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Prevalensi anemia pada remaja putri cukup tinggi dan hal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, diantaranya asupan zat besi yang rendah dan didukung oleh absorbsi yang rendah pula, pendarahan, penyakit malaria, infeksi cacing maupun infeksi lainnya, selain itu wanita juga mengalami menstruasi setiap bulannya.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan tingkat konsumsi protein, vitamin c, zat besi dan asam folat dengan status anemia pada remaja putri.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan case control dengan sampel kelas X di SMAN 4 Surabaya. Besar sampel dari penelitian ini yaitu 44 responden, yang terdiri dari 22 kelompok kontrol (kelompok yang tidak anemia) dan 22 responden kasus (kelompok yang anemia). Sebelumnya dilakukan pengambilan data awal untuk mengetahui jumlah populasi yang anemia, dan didapatkan sebanyak 36 orang terindikasi anemia. Data asupan protein, vitamin C, zat besi dan asam folat didapatkan melalui metode recall 2 x 24 hours lalu dibandingkan dengan AKG. Kadar hemoglobin diukur dengan alat easy touch. Uji statistik yang dilakukan yaitu uji korelasi pearsonHasil: Setelah dilakukan penelitian, didapatkan hasil yaitu terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kejadian anemia dengan tingkat konsumsi protein (p<0,001; OR=30,33), kejadian anemia dengan tingkat konsumsi zat besi (p<0,001; OR=8,737) dan yang terakhir hubungan antara kejadian anemia dengan tingkat konsumsi asam folat (p=0,01; OR=9,067). Sebaliknya, tidak ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat konsumsi vitamin C dengan kejadian anemia (p= 1,0).Kesimpulan: Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat konsumsi protein, zat besi dan asam folat, dan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat konsumsi vitamin c dengan anemia. Remaja putri disarankan untuk meningkatkan konsumsi makanan yang kaya akan protein, zat besi dan asam folat seperti sayur-sayuran dan buah-buahan.

Determinants of Anemia among Early Adolescent Girls in Kendari City

“…This indicates that the respondents' daily protein requirements are below the recommended daily protein requirement, namely 50 g per day for ages 10-12 years and 70 g per day for 13-15 years old for women.32 This study is in line with research conducted by Sholihah et al (2019) who found that all anemic girls consumed an average of 44.17 g of protein per day which is not sufficient to meet their daily needs. 37 The results of the analysis of vitamin C intake on the incidence of anemia showed (p = 0.023) a significant relationship between vitamin C intake and the incidence of anemia in early adolescent girls in Kendari City. The results of the analysis also showed that the OR value of vitamin C intake was 3,250, which means that young women with vitamin C intake were 3,250 times less risky than young women with sufficient vitamin C intake.…”

“…This positive patterned relationship indicates that the Hb level will be high if the protein intake is also high. 37 The results of this study also showed that the average protein consumption of young women was 48.7 g per day. This indicates that the respondents' daily protein requirements are below the recommended daily protein requirement, namely 50 g per day for ages 10-12 years and 70 g per day for 13-15 years old for women.32 This study is in line with research conducted by Sholihah et al (2019) who found that all anemic girls consumed an average of 44.17 g of protein per day which is not sufficient to meet their daily needs.…”

“…37 The results of this study also showed that the average protein consumption of young women was 48.7 g per day. This indicates that the respondents' daily protein requirements are below the recommended daily protein requirement, namely 50 g per day for ages 10-12 years and 70 g per day for 13-15 years old for women.32 This study is in line with research conducted by Sholihah et al (2019) who found that all anemic girls consumed an average of 44.17 g of protein per day which is not sufficient to meet their daily needs. 37 The results of the analysis of vitamin C intake on the incidence of anemia showed (p = 0.023) a significant relationship between vitamin C intake and the incidence of anemia in early adolescent girls in Kendari City.…”

“…red blood cells.36 Protein intake, especially in animal protein helps increase iron absorption, therefore low protein intake can affect Hb levels to be less, so that it can lead to anemia. 13 Research by Sholihah et al (2019) found an effect of protein intake on anemia. with an OR-30.333 value, which shows that young women who have less protein intake are at 30.433 times greater risk of experiencing anemia than girls who have sufficient protein intake.…”

Analisis Kandungan Protein, Zat Besi dan Daya Terima Pempek Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) dan Bayam (Amaranthus spp)

“…protein bermanfaat sebagai zat pembangun dan pengatur, selain itu juga untuk mengatur kesehatan manusia dengan menyediakan precursor molekul asam amino, protein berfungsi sebagai sebagai komponen pada sel tubuh, dan memiliki peran dalam transportasi zat besi ke sum-sum tulang belakang untuk pembentukan sel darah merah. Asupan protein hewani dapat membantu peningkatan penyerapan zat besi (Sholihah, 2019). Kebutuhan protein pada remaja perempuan dapat dipenuhi dengan mengonsumsi pempek ikan nila dan bayam pada perlakuan pertama (P1) sebagai alternatif makan selingan remaja perempuan untuk mencegah anemia.…”