The Effects of Exposure Duration to Electronic Cigarette Smoke on Differences in Superoxide Dismutase and Malondialdehyde in Blood of Wistar Rats

Lorensia

Sefania

2021

Glob Med Health Commun

Self Cite

Hyperglycemia is a metabolic disease that is most often found and continuously increasing. Various complications due to hyperglycemia in the blood can cause tissue damage. It will increase free radicals that can trigger an inflammatory response characterized by an increased C-reactive protein in the blood. Prevention can be done by administering flavonoid antioxidant and lime peel containing high flavonoid. This study aims to analyze the efficacy of lime peel extract against C-reactive protein level with hyperglycemia through alloxan-induced Wistar rats (140 mg/kgBW). It is an experimental study using a post-test control group design that was carried out at the Pharmacology Laboratory of the Universitas Surabaya for the period July–August 2020. Experimental Wistar rats were divided into a negative control group, a positive control group, and three groups with different doses of lime peel extract (2.35 mg, 4.7 mg, and 9.4 mg). Treatment was carried out for 30 days before measuring the C-reactive protein levels in the blood using ELISA. The results showed a difference in C-reactive protein level between groups (Man-Whitney, p=0.004). The increase in the dose of lime peel extract (9.4 mg) showed the lowest C-reactive protein level. Therefore, it can be concluded that the administration of lime peel extract in hyperglycemia conditions can reduce the inflammatory process in the body. EFEK EKSTRAK KULIT JERUK NIPIS (CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA SWINGLE) TERHADAP KADAR C-REACTIVE PROTEIN PADA TIKUS WISTAR YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSANHiperglikemia merupakan penyakit metabolik yang paling sering dijumpai dan terus mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun. Berbagai komplikasi akibat hiperglikemia dalam darah dapat menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan. Hal ini dikarenakan hiperglikemia akan meningkatkan radikal bebas sehingga memicu respons inflamasi yang ditandai dengan peningkatan C-reactive protein dalam darah. Pencegahan dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian asupan antioksidan flavonoid. Kulit jeruk nipis memiliki kandungan flavonoid yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efikasi ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis terhadap kadar C-reactive protein pada tikus Wistar dengan kondisi hiperglikemia melalui induksi aloksan (140 mg/kgBB). Metode pada penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan menggunakan post-test control group yang dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Farmakologi Universitas Surabaya periode Juli–Agustus 2020. Hewan coba tikus Wistar dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol negatif, kelompok kontrol positif, dan tiga kelompok perlakuan dengan pemberian dosis ekstrak jeruk nipis yang berbeda (2,35 mg; 4,7 mg; dan 9,4 mg). Pemberian perlakuan dilakukan selama 30 hari, selanjutnya akan dilakukan pengukuran kadar C-reactive protein dalam darah dengan menggunakan ELISA. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan perbedaan kadar C-reactive protein antarkelompok (Mann-Whitney, p=0,004). Peningkatan pemberian dosis ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis (9,4 mg) menunjukkan penurunan kadar C-reactive protein paling rendah. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak kulit jeruk nipis pada kondisi hiperglikemia dapat menurunkan proses inflamasi dalam tubuh.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiviness of Lime Peel Extract (<i>Citrus aurantifolia</i> Swingle) against C-Reactive Protein Levels in Alloxan-Induced Wistar Rats

Lorensia

Sefania

2021

Glob Med Health Commun

Self Cite

“…E-cigarette smoke entering the airways will increase free radicals in the body. The enhancement of free radicals can trigger an increase of MDA as well as a decrease of the body's enzymatic antioxidants in the forms of SOD and GPx [25]. The free radicals are also actually needed in the body because they play an important role in the body's defense system [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Selenium Micronutrients as Antioxidants in Exposure to E-Cigarette Smoke

Adriani

Martini

et al. 2019

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

Objective: E-cigarette products have resulted in various controversies concerning their posed impacts on health. Some argue that exposure to e-cigarette smoke could improve free radicals in the body; thus, it causes harming impacts on health. Peroral selenium (Se) administration can increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) serving as antioxidants in the body. Methods: This research is an experimental study aiming to analyze the effectiveness of Se to decrease free radical due to exposure to e-cigarette smoke as one of the preventive actions. The research was carried out to male Wistar rats with exposure to e-cigarette smoke and peroral Se intake with different time and duration of administration. Results: Research results showed a decrease of antioxidant SOD and GPx in the administration of exposure to e-cigarette smoke, and they gradually increased after Se administration (p=0.000). Meanwhile, the malondialdehyde level was inversely proportional compared to antioxidant SOD and GPx. Conclusion: Se is a micronutrient that can reduce free radicals due to exposure to e-cigarette smoke through enhancement of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and GPx.

“…Therefore, changes in malondialdehyde can be used as a benchmark for the reduction or increase of free radicals in the body. 14 Antioxidants are the main defense in preventing the accumulation of free radicals in the system. The three main enzymatic antioxidants that perform these roles are superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Time Pattern of Selenomethionine Administration in Preventing Free Radicals Due to Exposure to Electric Cigarette Smoke

Journal of Public Health Research

Wirjatmadi

Lorensia

2021

Self Cite

Background: Most people believe that electric cigarettes have no negative effect on health, which causes them to use it more. However, exposure to the smoke from these cigarettes is bad for the health and causes cell damage. Antioxidants play an important role in preventing cell damage, and they can be obtained through the oral administration of selenomethionine.Design and methods: This study used an experimental method and a post-test control group design. Male Wistar rats, which were exposed to cigarette smoke were given selenomethionine orally and then tested for the presence of free radicals. The measurement of lung tissue damage was conducted by assessing the level of malondialdehyde in the blood and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of the lung tissue.Result: The study showed that differences in the time of administration of selenomethionine affect the levels of malondialdehyde in the blood and expression of malondialdehyde in the lung tissue (p<0.05). Consequently, the two groups showed a strong (r=0.861) and significant (p=0.000) relationship with each other.Conclusion: The early application of selenomethionine can prevent increased levels of malondialdehyde in the blood and lung tissue due to exposure to e-cigarette smoke.