AbstrakInfestasi Soil -Transmitted Helminths (STH) merupakan masalah kesehatan yang masih sering ditemukan di negara beriklim tropis, salah satunya di Indonesia. Hal ini dikarenakan perkembangan STH membutuhkan kondisi lingkungan yang hangat dan lembab, serta memerlukan media tanah untuk menjadi fase infektif yang disebut soil -transmitted helminth.Kondisi ini dapat ditemukan di lingkungan perkebunan yang sangat menguntungkan bagi perkembangan STH. Hal ini menyebabkan para pekerja perkebunan sangat beresiko terinfestasi oleh STH. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui adanya hubungan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS) dengan kejadian infestasi STH pada pekerja perkebunan kopi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian analisis deskriptif dengan desain cross-sectional yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2018 hingga Januari 2019. Perkebunan yang dipilih adalah Perkebunan Kopi Sumber Wadung di Kabupaten Jember dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 orang responden dan diberikan kuisioer PHBS. Pemeriksaan infestasi STH dilakukan dengan dua metode yaitu flotasi dan sedimentasi. Dari 100 responden, 28 pekerja (28%) terinfestasi oleh STH. Kemudian dilakukan uji analisis chi-square antara PHBS dengan kejadian infestasi STH dan didapatkan adanya hubungan antara PHBS dengan kejadian infestasi STH pada pekerja (<0,05).Kata kunci:Soil-transmitted helminths (STH), perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS), pekerja perkebunan Abstract Relationship between clean and healthy behavior with the incidence of infestation Soil-transmitted Helminths on coffee plantation workers Sumber Wadung, Jember Regency. Soil-Transmitted Helminths Infestation (STH) is a health problem that is still often found in tropical countries, one of them in Indonesia. This is because the development of STH requires warm and humid environmental conditions, and requires soil media to become an infective phase called soil -transmitted helminth. This condition can be found in the plantation environment which is very beneficial for the development of STH. This causes plantation workers to be very at risk of being infested by STH. The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between clean and healthy behavior (PHBS) with the incidence of STH infestation in coffee plantation workers. This type of research is a descriptive analysis study with a cross-sectional design carried out from December 2018 to January 2019. The selected plantation was Sumber Wadung Coffee Plantation in Jember Regency with a total sample of 100 respondents and given a PHBS quisioner. Examination of STH infestation was carried out with two methods, namely flotation and sedimentation. Of the 100 respondents, 28 workers (28%) were infested by STH. Then a chi-square analysis between PHBS and the incidence of STH infestation was conducted and there was an association between PHBS and the incidence of STH infestation in workers (<0.05).

Most of the complications of malaria such as anaemia, thrombocytopenia, jaundice, and renal failure are commonly found in Plasmodium falciparum malaria, but the incidence of severe and complicated vivax malaria tends to be increasing. We report two cases of severe Plasmodium vivax malaria from Malang, a nonendemic area in Indonesia. Patients exhibited anaemia, thrombocytopenia, jaundice, renal disturbance, and melena. Microscopic peripheral blood examination and amplification of parasite 18s rRNA by polymerase chain reaction showed the presence of P. vivax and absence of P. falciparum. All patients responded well to antimalarial drugs.

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and the status of Soil-Transmitted Helminths infection in the workers of Kaliputih plantation in Jember Regency. The research method applied was Analytic observational with a Cross-sectional approach. The population, as well as the sample, were all workers of Kaliputih Plantation, Sumber Bulus Village, Ledokombo District, Jember Regency, by the total of 63 people. The sampling technique was the Total sampling. Laboratory analysis on faecal samples of respondents were conducted at the Parasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jember. Furthermore, the research data were analyzed using Chi-Square analysis or Fisher’s Exact Test. The results demonstrated that the prevalence of STH infection in Kaliputih Plantation workers was 25%. This figure was supported by the good awareness of the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) of workers (91.67%). In addition, the Soil-Transmitted Helminths species that infested the plantation workers were Ascaris lumbricoides, found in 6 people (16.67%), and Hookworm, found in 3 people (8.33%). Finally, the result of Chi-square analysis showed a significance value of <0.05. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of PPE in Kaliputih plantation workers had a significant correlation with the STH infection status. Keywords: Correlation, PPE, Soil-Transmitted Helminths Infection

Mixed liquor is a liquor mixed with other substances, mainly ethanol and methanol. Mixed liquor can cause kidney destruction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mixed liquor toward kidney's microscopic and macroscopically changes. This study used 24 rats which were divided into 4 groups consist of 1 control group and 3 experimental groups. The first, second, and third experimental groups were given ethanol 1,296ml/2 days; methanol 0,2592ml/2days and aquades 1,4448ml/2 days for 5 days; 11 days and 17 days, respectively. Afterward rats were terminated and the right kidney mass was measured. The kidney tissue was prepared for histological examination and the number of necrotic cell was calculated. According to Kruskal Wallis test, kidney mass was not significantly different (p>α) while total necrotic cells was significantly different (p<α). This study showed that rats induced with mixed liquor for 5 , 11, and 17 days resulted in kidney microscopically change.

Background: Helminthiasis is a neglected tropical disease and still remain a health problem in tropical and sub-tropical countries, including Indonesia. According to WHO, approximately 1,5 billion people or 24% of the world’s population, are infected with Soil-Transmitted Helminth (STH). Morbidity is directly related to the intensity of STH infestation. Some of the studies shown a significant correlation between eosinophilia and helminthiasis. Eosinophilia on the blood smear examination may be used as a marker of STH infestation. Purpose: to determine the correlation between Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases and eosinophilia as a predictor of morbidity of STH infestation among Widodaren Plantation Workers in Jember. Methods: This observational analytical study use the Kato-Katz method to determine infestation of STH and its intensity measured by egg count per gram stool (EPG). Blood smear examination stained with Giemsa conduct to determine eosinophil count. Results: Prevalence of STH infestation was 22,7% (15/66). Ascaris lumbricoides infection was 13,6% (9/66) and Hookworm infection was 4,5% (3/66). There is mixed infection between A. lumbricoides and Hookworm, the prevalence was 4,5%% (3/66). All of the infection intensity was light. The prevalence of eosinophilia was 27,2% (18/66). There was a significant correlation between STH infection and eosinophilia (P=0,000) but, there was a very weak correlation between the intensity of STH infection and eosinophilia (r=0,281; p=0,258). Conclusion: The prevalence of STH infection among Widodaren Plantation Workers is 22,7% and predominated by A. lumbriocides. There is a positive correlation between intensity of STH infection and eosinophilia as predictor morbidity of STH infection with very weak power.

No abstract

Indonesia is still included in high endemic area of malaria infection. Early detection as well as appropriate and quick treatment is needed to be able to prevent and treat malaria in Indonesia. Laboratory examination using a microscopic method is still used as the gold standard to diagnose malaria cases. However, the morphology similarity of some Plasmodium species and the number of parasites that can be seen under microscopy causes malaria diagnosis become difficult if only relying on microscopy diagnostic method. The purpose of this study is to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of nested PCR compared to microscopic examination in diagnosing malaria cases. A cross-sectional study has been carried out in some areas of Indonesia and the microscopic analysis as well as nest PCR was done in Laboratory of Parasitology and Laboratory of Central Biomedical Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang East Java Indonesia. A total of 149 blood samples from patients with clinical symptoms of malaria had been obtained from Sumatra, Sulawesi and East Java during December 2011 to December 2013. From 149 sample, 81.9% samples were diagnosed malaria positive by microscopy examination, whereas the PCR results showed that 90.6% of samples were positive. Nested PCR sensitivity is 97.5%, and microscopy 88.2%. Nested PCR specificity is 40.7%, whereas microscopy 78.5%. PPV and NPV for nested PCR are 88,2% and 78.5% respectively, and for microscopy are 97.5% and 40.7% respectively. Nested PCR has a higher sensitivity than microscopy in diagnosing malaria and is able to detect mixed infection better than microscopic examination. However, it is statistically less specific than microscopy examination.

No abstract