This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and the status of Soil-Transmitted Helminths infection in the workers of Kaliputih plantation in Jember Regency. The research method applied was Analytic observational with a Cross-sectional approach. The population, as well as the sample, were all workers of Kaliputih Plantation, Sumber Bulus Village, Ledokombo District, Jember Regency, by the total of 63 people. The sampling technique was the Total sampling. Laboratory analysis on faecal samples of respondents were conducted at the Parasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jember. Furthermore, the research data were analyzed using Chi-Square analysis or Fisher’s Exact Test. The results demonstrated that the prevalence of STH infection in Kaliputih Plantation workers was 25%. This figure was supported by the good awareness of the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) of workers (91.67%). In addition, the Soil-Transmitted Helminths species that infested the plantation workers were Ascaris lumbricoides, found in 6 people (16.67%), and Hookworm, found in 3 people (8.33%). Finally, the result of Chi-square analysis showed a significance value of <0.05. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of PPE in Kaliputih plantation workers had a significant correlation with the STH infection status. Keywords: Correlation, PPE, Soil-Transmitted Helminths Infection
Objective: This study was to investigate the effect of Physalis angulata L. leaf water extract on vascular rarefaction, oxidative stress, and inflammation on the kidney of Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced male Wistar rats.Methods: A total of 25 male Wistar rats were divided into five equal groups (normal control: 40 mg/kg/day of normal saline; L-NAME group; and treatments I, II, and III: L-NAME plus P. angulata L. leaf water extract doses 500 mg/kg/day, 1500 mg/kg/day, and 2500 mg/kg/day, respectively). Endothelial dysfunction was induced by 40 mg/kg/day L-NAME intraperitoneally. The treatment lasts for 15 days. Vascular rarefaction was indicated by the decrease in vascular density, which considered as vascular number per high-power field in hematoxylin-eosin staining preparation. Kidney oxidative stress test was performed by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) level with thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay. The inflammatory marker was the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) expression which examined using an immunohistochemical method with an antibody against p65.Results: At the dose of 500 mg/kg/day and 1500 mg/kg/day, P. angulata leaf water extract supplementation increased the vascular density, decreased the MDA level, and decreased the NF-κB expression compared to the L-NAME group.Conclusion: The administration of P. angulata L. leaf water extract in particular concentration has a vasoprotective effect by preventing kidney vascular rarefaction, oxidative stress, and inflammation on L-NAME-induced male Wistar rat.
Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) also referred to as Buerger’s disease is a segmental, non-atherosclerotic, and progressive inflammatory vascular disease. The most frequently impacted arteries are the small and medium arteries in the upper and lower extremities. Smoking plays a significant role in the emergence and progression of TAO, despite the fact that its etiology and pathophysiology are uncertain. Anamnesis, physical examination, and supporting examination can all be used to confirm the diagnosis of TAO. The effective method of TAO management is smoking cessation. Besides smoking cessation, there are supportive therapies both pharmacological and non-pharmacological that can be carried out to maintain the maximum blood flow and prevent complications such as amputation and secondary infections.
Hipertensi masih menjadi masalah kesehatan global karena prevalensinya yang tinggi dan komplikasinya yang fatal. Di Puskesmas Klakah, Kabupaten Lumajang, prevalensi hipertensi menempati urutan pertama kasus tertinggi penyakit tidak menular.Identifikasi faktor risiko hipertensi sangat berguna untuk manajemen dan pencegahan komplikasi hipertensi. Faktor risiko hipertensi ini dapat berbeda dominasinya antara wilayah yang satu dengan wilayah yang lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor yang berhubungan dengan hipertensi di wilayah pedesaan, Puskesmas Klakah, Lumajang, Jawa Timur. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional dan mengambil data sekunder dari rekam medis pasien Puskesmas Klakah periode Januari-Oktober 2020. Sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 62, yang terdiri dari 31 responden hipertensi dan 31 responden non hipertensi. Rekam medis dipilih dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Data rekam medis yang dianalisis meliputi umur, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, tinggi badan, berat badan, tekanan darah, kadar asam urat. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar penderita hipertensi di Puskesmas Klakah memiliki karakteristik usia >46-65 lansia, berjenis kelamin perempuan, memiliki aktivitas keseharian yang minimal, memiliki berat badan tidak obesitas, dan hiperurisemia. Hiperurisemia merupakan faktor yang berhubungan signifikan dengan hipertensi di masyarakat pedesaan yang tinggal di sekitar wilayah Puskesmas Klakah Kabupaten Lumajang dengan p=0.00, OR= 63,00 (95% CI = 12,87-308,18). Hypertension still becomes a global health problem due to its high prevalence and fatal complications. At a rural area of Klakah, Lumajang Regency, the prevalence of hypertension was atthe first rank of non-communicable diseases. Identification of risk factors is very useful for managing and preventing hypertensioncomplications. The hypertension risk factors may differ in dominance from one region to another. This study aims to identify the factors associated with hypertension at the rural area of Klakah Health Center, Lumajang, East Java. This is observational analytic research with a cross-sectional design. It used datas from patients’ medical records at the Klakah Health Center from January-October 2020. The sample was 62 respondents consisting of 31 hypertensive respondents and 31 non-hypertensive respondents. Medical records were selected using purposive sampling. Medical record data analyzed included age, gender, occupation, height, weight, blood pressure, and uric acid levels. The data wereanalyzed using the chi-square test. The results showed that most of the hypertensive patients at Klakah Health Center were characterized by aged>46-65 elderly, female, having minimal daily activities, not being obese, and having hyperuricemia. This study showed that hyperuricemia is significantly associated with hypertension in rural areas of Klakah Health Center, Lumajang Regency withp=0.00, OR= 63,00 (95% CI = 12,87-308,18). Hypertension still becomes a global health problem due to its high prevalence and fatal complications. At a rural area of Klakah, Lumajang Regency, the prevalence of hypertension was at the first rank of non-communicable diseases. Identification of risk factors is very useful for managing and preventing hypertension complications. The hypertension risk factors may differ in dominance from one region to another. This study aims to identify the factors associated with hypertension at the rural area of Klakah Health Center, Lumajang, East Java. This is observational analytic research with a cross-sectional design. It used datas from patients’ medical records at the Klakah Health Center from January-October 2020. The sample was 62 respondents consisting of 31 hypertensive respondents and 31 non-hypertensive respondents. Medical records were selected using purposive sampling. Medical record data analyzed included age, gender, occupation, height, weight, blood pressure, and uric acid levels. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test. The results showed that most of the hypertensive patients at Klakah Health Center were characterized by aged>46-65 elderly, female, having minimal daily activities, not being obese, and having hyperuricemia. This study showed that hyperuricemia is significantly associated with hypertension in rural areas of Klakah Health Center, Lumajang Regency with p=0.00, OR= 63,00 (95% CI = 12,87-308,18).
Chronic exposure to insecticides, even at low levels, has led to chronic neurotoxicity. Adolescent brain is still undergoing important developments, including in the hippocampus. This study investigated neurotoxicity effects of subacute exposure to chlorpyrifos, carbofuran and cypermethrin in the brain of adolescent rats. This study was performed at the Histology, Biochemistry, and Animal House Laboratory of Jember University from November to December 2021. Subjects were divided into five groups: normal, control, chlorpyrifos, carbofuran, and cypermethrin. Short-term memory was evaluated by Y maze test and tissue damage was evaluated by histological examination. Brain MDA levels were determined by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance method to evaluate the oxidative stress effect on the organ. This study showed spontaneous alternation in the Y maze test and the number of pyramidal neurons in hippocampus decreased in the cypermethrin group. There was a significant elevation of brain MDA level in carbofuran and cypermethrin groups. Thus, cypermethrin causes more severe neurotoxicity than carbofuran and chlorpyrifos. Improvements in the insecticide application management are urgently needed to prevent neurotoxicity.
Pili memiliki protein adhesin yang berperan dalam proses adhesi. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa protein pili S. pneumoniae 54 kDa merupakan protein hemaglutinin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji peran protein hemaglutinin pili S. pneumoniae 54 kDa sebagai adhesin. Pili S. pneumoniae diisolasi menggunakan alat pili cutter. Hasil potongan pili dilakukan SDS-PAGE dan diidentifikasi berat molekul proteinnya. Protein berat molekul 54 kDa diisolasi sehingga menghasilkan protein larutan. Dilakukan uji adhesi pada larutan protein dengan konsentrasi bertingkat untuk mengetahui indeks ahesi. Uji korelasi Pearson diperoleh nilai p-value 0,036 (p < 0,05) dan koefisien korelasi R= -0,840, hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa kedua variabel memiliki hubungan yang signifikan, sangat kuat dengan arah hubungan negatif. Analisis regresi didapatkan R2 0,997, artinya 99,7 % konsentrasi protein pili 54 kDa S. pneumoniae mempengaruhi indeks adhesi, sehingga dapat disimpulkan protein hemaglutinin pili 54 kDa S. pneumoniae merupakan protein adhesin.
Streptococcus pneumoniae atau pneumokokus merupakan penyebab penyakit community acquired pneumoniae (CAP). Penularan pneumokokus dapat dicegah oleh vaksin, seperti PPV dan PCV. Vaksin tersebut memiliki beberapa kelemahan seperti terbatas pada strain tertentu dan pemberian yang masih bersifat invasif. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengembangan vaksin dari epitope pneumokokus yang diberikan secara intranasal. Salah satu epitope yang dapat digunakan sebagai kandidat vaksin adalah epitope dari protein RrgB penyusun pili, seperti epitope protein RrgB 255-270 dari bakteri Streptococcus pneumoniae yang memiliki komponen antigenik tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian imunisasi intranasal epitope protein RrgB 255-270 Streptococcus pneumoniae terhadap kadar IL-4. Kadar IL-4 diukur dengan metode ELISA dari bilasan hidung tikus wistar yang diimunisasi dengan epitope protein RrgB 255-270 S. pneumoniae secara intranasal. Bilasan hidung yang didapat akan diproses menggunakan metode ELISA untuk menghitung kadar IL-4. Nilai rata-rata kadar IL-4 pada K1 adalah 28,852± 18 ng/L, rata-rata kadar IL-4 pada K2 adalah 20,630 ± 9 ng/L dan rata-rata pada K3 adalah 18,519 ± 6 ng/L. Hasil uji ANOVA Welch menunjukkan nilai p sebesar 0,299. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa imunisasi intranasal epitope protein RrgB 255-270 S. pneumoniae memberikan perbedaan yang tidak signifikan (dengan p>0,05).
ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Indonesia sebagai negara agraris 33,48 juta penduduknya bekerja di sektor pertanian dengan kasus keracunan pestisida tercatat 771 kasus pada tahun 2016. Diazinon menjadi salah satu pestisida golongan organofosfat yang cukup banyak digunakan di Indonesia yang memiliki efek neurotoksik dan berpotensi menyebabkan stres oksidatif pada hepar. Neem gum (Azadirachta indica) memiliki kandungan polisakarida dan antioksidan yang dapat mengikat radikal bebas untuk mencegah kerusakan pada hepar.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek neem gum terhadap kadar SGOT SGPT tikus wistar yang diinduksi diazinon.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental melalui pendekatan post test only dengan subjek tikus putih Rattus norvegicus strain wistar jantan sebanyak 25 ekor yang terbagi dalam 1 kelompok kontrol dan 4 kelompok perlakuan dosis larutan neem gum sebesar 3,75 gram/kgBB/hari, 7,5 gram/kgBB/hari, 15 gram/kgBB/hari, dan 30 gram/kgBB/hari.Hasil: Kadar SGOT dan SGPT tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok K dan kadar yang lebih rendah pada kelompok P1, P2, P3, dan P4 seiring penambahan dosis larutan neem gum yang diberikan. Hasil uji Anova kadar SGOT didapatkan signifikansi sebesar 0,013 dan uji Post Hoc terlihat perbedaan signifikan kadar SGOT kelompok P4 terhadap kelompok K sebesar 0,015. Sedangkan hasil uji Anova kadar SGPT didapatkan signifikansi sebesar 0,014 dan uji Post Hoc terlihat perbedaan signifikan kadar SGPT kelompok P2, P3, dan P4 terhadap kelompok K berturut-turut sebesar 0,044, 0,034, dan 0,033.Simpulan: Larutan neem gum (Azadirachta indica) memiliki efek mencegah peningkatan kadar SGOT dan SGPT pada tikus yang diinduksi Diazinon. Dosis yang dibutuhkan neem gum untuk mencegah peningkatan kadar SGOT sebanyak 30 gram/kgBB/hari dan dosis yang dibutuhkan untuk mencegah peningkatan kadar SGPT sebesar 7,5 gram/kgBB/hari, 15 gram/kgBB/hari, serta 30 gram/kgBB/hari dan tidak ada perbedaan efek yang signifikan diantara ketiga dosis tersebut.
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