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Background:Changes in pulse rate and blood pressure are common consequences during oral surgeries. Hypoxia during surgical process is another side effect. The objective of the present study was evaluation of blood hemoglobin oxygenation and hemodynamic changes during periodontal surgery.Materials and Methods:This clinical trial study was conducted upon 50 subjects aged 30-55 years who referred to the clinic of dental faculty of Babol University and needed periodontal surgery with modified widman flaps in the anterior section of the maxilla. Pulse rate, blood pressure, and pulse oximetric evaluations were recorded in five stages during surgery.Results:The average of systolic and diastolic blood pressure had been in their maximum amount in the second stage of evaluation and minimum amounts were in the first one; while pulse rate changes were greatest in the second stage and lowest in the fifth stage. Analyzing the data revealed no significant difference in Blood Oxygen Saturation (SpO2) measurements in none of the stages evaluated.Conclusions:Blood pressure and heart rate increased significantly after the injection of anesthetic drug and in further phases they were decreased after the elimination of stimulating effect of adrenaline. SpO2 changes were not significantly prominent.

BackgroundChlorhexidine (CHX) is the most effective antiseptic mouthwash to date. Essential oil such as thymol, have inhibitory and biocidal effects a range of bacteria.ObjectiveTo determine the effect of mouthwash containing CHX and thymol on plaque induced gingivitis.MethodsThis double-blind randomized clinical trial study was performed on 60 patients with plaque induced gingivitis who were randomly divided into two groups: Group I (CHX/thymol mouthwash-Vi-one) and Group II (CHX mouthwash-Behsa). Patients in each group underwent scaling and root planning and polishing, then were educated about BASS-Method brushing, and were recommended Oral-B toothbrushes and Pooneh toothpaste. The two groups were asked to rinse their mouths for 60 seconds twice a day, once in the morning and once at night, after brushing their teeth. Plaque index, gingival index, bleeding index and stain index were evaluated at baseline and 14 days later in Ramfjord teeth. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 21. Independent-samples t-test and paired-samples t-test were used for data analysis.ResultsThe results showed that plaque index and gingival index significantly reduced in two groups (p<0.001). However, group I was significantly more efficient than group II (p<0.001, p=0.021 respectively). Similar results were observed in terms of bleeding index with the difference that the two groups did not differ significantly from each other (p=0.879). Both groups significantly increased the stain index. No remarkable difference was also observed between the two groups (p=0.754).ConclusionBased on the results of this study, we can conclude that the CHX/thymol mouthwash can be offered to patients with dental plaque-induced gingivitis, because it appears to be more effective in controlling dental plaque and gingivitis.Trial registrationThe trial was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (http://www.irct.ir) with the Irct ID: IRCT201602231760N45.FundingThis study was part of a thesis and research project (Grant No: 9440921) supported and funded by Babol University of Medical Sciences. The authors received no financial support from Behsa pharmaceutical company (Behsa mouthwash manufacturer) or Rojin cosmetic laboratory (Vi-one mouthwash manufacturer) for this study.

Background:Several grafting materials have been used for alveolar ridge augmentation. The literature lacks researches to compare CenoBone to other grafting materials. The aim of this study was to compare CenoBone/CenoMembrane complex to Bio-Oss/Bio-Gide complex in lateral alveolar bone augmentation in terms of radiographic, histologic, and histomorphometric parameters.Materials and Methods:In this randomized controlled trial, ten patients who needed lateral ridge augmentation were selected and augmentations were done using either of CenoBone/CenoMembrane or Bio-Oss/Bio-Gide complexes. In the re-entry surgery in 6 months following augmentation, core biopsies were taken and clinical, radiographic, histologic, and histomorphometric evaluations were performed.Results:No statistically significant difference was seen between groups except for the number of blood vessels and percentage of residual graft materials.Conclusion:CenoBone seems to present a comparable lateral ridge augmentation to Bio-Oss in.

Background and Aim: Photodynamic therapy is a localized non-invasive treatment modality for the periodontal disease. Some evidences have shown that this technique is effective in improving the treatment outcome. This study compared the effects of photodynamic therapy with and without scaling and root planing and scaling and root planing alone on the clinical parameters of the chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods:In this single-blind, randomized clinical trial, 30 chronic periodontitis patients (10 for each modality) were selected and three different methods; photodynamic therapy alone (Group1) by FotoSan 630 system, scaling and root planning (SRP) alone (Group2), scaling and root planing combined with photodynamic therapy (Group3) were done for them randomly. Clinical parameters of probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured at the baseline and 3, 6 and 12 weeks later. One-sided analysis of variance test was used to analyze PPD and CAL among the treatment groups in each time interval while the paired comparisons were carried out by employment of Dunnett's test. The treatment groups were statically analyzed by the chi-square test regarding BOP.Results: Before the treatment; no significant differences observed among treatment modalities regarding clinical parameters; while the differences were significant at three weeks (p<0.0001 for PPD and CAL; p<0.001 for BOP); six weeks (p<0.0001 for PPD and CAL, p<0.002 for BOP); and 12 weeks after the treatment (all: p<0.0001). The least PPD and CAL values and the most frequency of non-bleeding on probing status were measured for PDT+SRP modality at three, six, and twelve weeks after the treatment. Conclusion:Photodynamic therapy supported the clinical parameters of periodontitis similar to SRP; however, PDT combined with SRP demonstrated a better result than that of SRP alone. Therefore, PDT combined with SRP can be used to improve outcomes of clinical parameters of periodontitis as compared to SRP alone in the short-term.

Aims and Objectives:Alveolar ridge reduction caused after tooth extraction can be minimized through ridge preservation and application of graft materials. The aim of this study was to compare the histologic and histomorphometric aspects of bone particulated allografts, Cenobone and ITB-MBA, in the reconstruction of vertical alveolar ridge after maxillary sinus augmentation.Materials and Methods:This clinical trial was performed among 20 patients. The participants were randomly divided into two groups of 10 participants. The first group received Cenobone and the second group received ITB-MBA. Tissue samples were prepared 6 months later at the time of implant installation and after successful maxillary sinus floor augmentation. Tissue sections were examined under a light microscope. The data were analyzed by Chi-square and t-test.Results:The mean trabecular thickness of the samples in the Cenobone group was 13.61 ± 7.47 μm compared to 13.73 ± 7.37 μm in the ITB-MBA group (P = 0.93). A mild inflammation process (Grade 1) was detected in both the groups. The amount of remaining biomaterial in the Cenobone group was estimated to be 8 ± 19% vs. 7 ± 12% in the ITB-MBA group (P = 0.30). Bone formation was reported 49.71% in the Cenobone group vs. 40.76% in the ITB-MBA group (P = 0.68). The mean newly formed vessel in the Cenobone group was 0.64 ± 0.7 vs. 1.5 ± 2.3 in the ITB-MBA group (P = 0.14).Conclusions:There was no significant difference between the two groups of patients regarding trabecular thickness, remaining biomaterial allograft, and the density of blood vessels after sinus floor elevation; hence, there was no difference between the two groups regarding implant outcome. More designed studies as randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials, which evaluate the long-term implant outcome; comparing the different bone graft materials is also required to improve evidence on survival and success rate.