Salvadora Persica extract chewing gum and gingival health: Improvement of gingival and probe-bleeding index

Amoian, Babak; Moghadamnia, Ali Akbar; Barzi, Soozan; Sheykholeslami, Sepideh; Rangiani, Afsaneh

doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2009.11.002

Cited by 39 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In all subsequent experiments ACN were incubated in saliva for 60 min to allow more precise assessment of the extent of degradation. Indeed, confectionaries and oral adhesive gels containing bioactive compounds are being developed to prolong oral retention of bioactive compounds (Amoian, Moghadamnia, Barzi, Sheykholeslami, & Rangiani, 2010; Mallery et al, 2007). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of anthocyanins to ex vivo degradation in human saliva

et al. 2012

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Some fruits and their anthocyanin-rich extracts have been reported to exhibit chemopreventive activity in the oral cavity. Insights regarding oral metabolism of anthocyanins remain limited. Anthocyanin-rich extracts from blueberry, chokeberry, black raspberry, red grape, and strawberry were incubated ex vivo with human saliva from 14 healthy subjects. All anthocyanins were partially degraded in saliva. Degradation of chokeberry anthocyanins in saliva was temperature dependent and decreased by heating saliva to 80 °C and after removal of cells. Glycosides of delphinidin and petunidin were more susceptible to degradation than those of cyanidin, pelargonidin, peonidin and malvidin in both intact and artificial saliva. Stability of di- and tri-saccharide conjugates of anthocyanidins slightly, but significantly, exceeded that of monosaccharide compounds. Ex vivo degradation of anthocyanins in saliva was significantly decreased after oral rinsing with antibacterial chlorhexidine. These results suggest that anthocyanin degradation in the mouth is structure-dependent and largely mediated by oral microbiota.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of anthocyanins to ex vivo degradation in human saliva

et al. 2012

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“…Previously, our research group has shown that both small pieces of S. persica root and essential oil exhibit a strong antibacterial effect, especially on Gram-negative bacteria [20–22]. Other studies showed a limited antibacterial effect of chewing gums and mouth rinses containing S. persica extract [23, 24]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of a Possible Chemical Effect of Salvadora persica Chewing Sticks

Albabtain

Azeem

Wondimu

et al. 2017

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Salvadora persica is commonly used chewing sticks in many parts of the world as an oral hygiene tool. This study measured the amount of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) released into the mouth and assessed its retention time in saliva. The study also tested if the released amount of BITC could potentially be antibacterial or cytotoxic. Twelve subjects brushed their teeth with fresh Miswak once, twice, and four times. The amount of BITC in the saliva and in the used brushes was quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antibacterial effect of BITC and Miswak essential oil (MEO) was tested against Haemophilus influenzae, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. The cytotoxic effect on gingival fibroblasts and keratinocytes was tested using MTT. The highest amount of the active compounds was detected in saliva after using the Miswak tip for once and immediately. It significantly decreased when the Miswak tip was used more than once and thus after 10 min. The growth of the tested bacteria was inhibited by MEO and BITC in a dose dependent manner, P. gingivalis being the most sensitive. MTT assay showed that BITC and MEO were cytotoxic towards gingival fibroblasts while oral keratinocytes showed resistance. This study suggests that the Miswak tip should be cut before each use to ensure the maximum effect.

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“…[44] Although, there are some studies that confirmed the beneficial effects of S. persica extracts[232426] and A. vera gel[3344] on oral cariogenic bacteria in vitro and in vivo conditions, separately, but our literatures survey did not show any research on the efficacy of a combination of S. persica and A. vera on GI of patients hospitalized in ICUs. In other study showed that mouthwash containing S. persica alone improves the GI as same as chlorhexidine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…[22] The antibacterial activity of S. persica on cariogenic oral bacteria was confirmed. [2223242526] Other pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory,[27] antioxidant,[28] antiulcer,[2930] and sedative effects[31] were confirmed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison the efficacy of herbal mouthwash with chlorhexidine on gingival index of intubated patients in Intensive Care Unit

Rezaei

Mahboubi³

et al. 2016

J Indian Soc Periodontol

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Background:Intubated patients in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are not able to take care of their mouth health, so they are at risk of bacterial colonization and dental plaques formation that can lead to systemic diseases such as pneumonia and gingivitis.Aims:In randomized, double-blind clinical study, the efficacy of natural herbal mouthwash containing Salvadora persica ethanol extract and Aloe vera gel was compared with chlorhexidine on gingival index (GI) of intubated patients in ICU.Materials and Methods:Seventy-six intubated patients (18–64 years old with mean age 40.35 ± 13.2) in ICU were admitted to this study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: (1) Herbal mouthwash and (2) chlorhexidine solution. Before the intervention, the GIs was measured by modified GI device into two groups. The mouth was rinsed by mouthwashes every 2–3 h for 4 days. 2 h after the last intervention, GIs were determined.Results:Along with mechanical methods, herbal mouthwash in reducing GI was statistically significant than that of chlorhexidine (P < 0.05).Conclusion:The results of this study introduce a new botanical extract mouthwash with dominant healing effects on GI (1.5 ± 0.6) higher than that of synthetic mouthwash, chlorhexidine (2.31 ± 0.73).

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Salvadora Persica extract chewing gum and gingival health: Improvement of gingival and probe-bleeding index

Cited by 39 publications

References 12 publications

Susceptibility of anthocyanins to ex vivo degradation in human saliva

Susceptibility of anthocyanins to ex vivo degradation in human saliva

Investigations of a Possible Chemical Effect of Salvadora persica Chewing Sticks

Comparison the efficacy of herbal mouthwash with chlorhexidine on gingival index of intubated patients in Intensive Care Unit

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