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Patients with ASP are more sensitive to toxic effects of alcohol. Alternatively chronic alcoholism leads to frontal lobe dysfunction recognised as ASP in the clinical setting.

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Background/aim: Comorbidity of depression in Parkinson disease (PD) is a major factor that changes patients' quality of life. However, the neurobiological and sociodemographic risk factors for this comorbidity are not well studied. In this study, we aimed to define the prevalence, temporal relationship, and psychosocial and clinical determinants of depression comorbid with PD.Materials and methods: Fifty-five PD patients were evaluated with SCID, a data form that assessed sociodemographic and PD-related variables, UPDRS III, HAM-D, HAM-A, MMSE, and the Apathy Evaluation Scale.Results: Depression (lifetime: 45.5%, last month: 25.5%, before PD: 20%) was the most frequent psychiatric diagnosis. The major determinants of depression in the last month and depression before PD were early onset of PD and young age. Patients on pramipexole treatment were less likely to be diagnosed with depression in the last month. Other sociodemographic and PD-related variables were not significantly different for lifetime, last month, and pre-PD depression diagnosis compared to their counterparts. Conclusion:Depression is prevalent both before and after patient gets a PD diagnosis. Depression is not only the result of PD-related life changes but it is also a preceding factor that may decrease the age of PD onset.

Objective Endocrine dysfunction may produce symptoms that are difficult to distinguish from the clinical manifestations of psychiatric disorders. In particular, the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroidal axis is known to be associated with a number of psychiatric abnormalities, such as depression and anxiety. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that depression is more commonly encountered in hypothyroidism, while anxiety is more prevalent in hyperthyroidism. Additionally, we aimed to evaluate the correlations of the intensity of the psychiatric symptomatology in these patients with the specific parameters of thyroid function, such as levels of TSH, T3 and T4. Method Patients newly diagnosed as having thyroid disorders were included in the study. They were classified into five study groups (according to the results of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4) and autoantibody (anti-thyroglobulin antibodies and anti-microsomal antibodies) measurements): hypothyroid, hyperthyroid, subclinical hypothyroid, subclinical hyperthyroid, and euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Psychopathological symptoms were evaluated on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HDRS), Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), BSI Sub-scales and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD). Psychiatric diagnoses were performed using DSM-IV-SCID (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM). The relationship between the results of the psychiatric evaluation and thyroid function tests was assessed statistically by ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests. Results Eighty patients (68 female and 12 male), with a mean age of 42.5±13.4 years, were evaluated. A positive correlation between the total BSI scores and TSH levels (r = 0.65, P = 0.01) was noted in the hypothyroid (n=25) group. Hyperthyroid patients (n=22) showed a positive correlation between HDRS scores and fT4 levels (r = 0.62, P = 0.01). The BSI scores in hypo- and hyperthyroidism were significantly higher than normal (P<0.05). In the subclinical hypothyroid (n=7), subclinical hyperthyroid (n=11), and euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis (n=15) groups no correlation was found between thyroid function tests and HDRS, BSI, and HAD scores. Conclusion The results indicate that patients with thyroid disorders have high levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Thirty-five patients (43%) out of 80 had an axis I psychiatric disorder. However, our findings did not support an association between high levels of depression and hypothyroidism or between high levels of anxiety and hyperthyroidism. Moreover, this study did not reveal any specific psychiatric manifestation of hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.

sağlanmasında kişilik özellikleri dışında kültürel etkenlerin rolü önemlidir Anahtar Sözcükler İlkleri, tedaviye uyum Tüberküloz, kişilik ozel-Perception of lllness and Personalıty Features in Tuberculosis Patients. SUMMARY Object: Tuberculosis can stili be consıdered as one of the most sıgnıfıcant ınfectıous and publıc health problems m our country Evaluatıon of contrıbutıng factors to the problem of complıance, such as the correct appraısal of the dısease, seems to be ımportant for dısease control Method: To analyse these factors, we studıed 50 ınpatıents of the Pulmonary Medıcıne Department of Gazı Unıversıty Faculty of Medıcıne and Ankara Atatürk Sanatorıum Hospıtal AN patients undervvent a psychıatrıc examınatıon. They were consequently assessed by the Minnesota Multıphasıc Personalıty Inventory (MMPI), as well as a questıonnaıre to evaluate the socıocultural varıables and the

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SUMMARYObjectives: Psychiatric illnesses could cause disability due to their commonly occuring, tendency to recur and chronic character. Thence, psychiatric patients' treatment costs are high. In this study we aimed to evaluate treatment costs invoiced to the social security institution for patients who were hospitalized into Gazi University Hospital Psychiatric Ward in 2015. Method: Quantitative data analysis was executed using software program SPSS 21.0 descriptive values were given such as frequency, percent, mean±standard deviation. A Pearson Chisquare Test was used for cathegorical variables, a MannWhitney U Test and a Kruskal Wallis Test was used in independent groups lacking normal distribution. Results: There are 389 patients in the study. Schizophrenia (%38.8) was the mostly encountered disease in the patient group, followed by depression (%26.1) and bipolar disorder (%16). Among male patients schizophrenia (%47.6) patients was the most while depression (%31.8) patients was the most among female patients. Average cost per inpatient day was 120.4 TL (44.7 USD), average cost of hospitalization was 3181.0 TL (1182.6 USD). Average cost of hospitalization for men was 2922.0 TL, for women was 3495.3 TL (p=0.005). Bipolar disorder hospitalization cost was the highest costing 3757.6 TL (1397,0 USD), alcohol and drug use disorder hospitalization cost was the least costing 1864.7 TL (693.2 USD) (p=0.024). Depression disorders reduce 2.56 times, somatoform disorders 6.25 times reduces the cost of hospitalization than schizophrenia. Average cost per inpatient day in neurocognitive disorders costing 130.7 TL (48.5 USD) was the highest and in eating disorders was the least, costing 107.5 TL (39.9 USD). Conclusion: Payment package applications, as though they provide an ease of calculation, make it harder to discriminate which facility costs for how much. Not every patient is same thus none of their treatment costs could expected to be the same.