Background:We aimed to evaluate anxiety among children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and their mothers related to the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A total of 45 patients with CF and their mothers were enrolled in the study together with 90 age-matched healthy children and their mothers as a control group.The State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was administered by teleconference with children aged 13-18 years old and their mothers. The STAI for children was administered with children aged 9-12 years. Results were compared with age-matched healthy children and their mothers. The relationship between anxiety scores of children with CF and their mothers was evaluated by comparing with clinical data of children with CF. At the conclusion of the teleconference, mothers were asked whether their anxiety had changed as a result of the interview.Results: It was found that healthy children aged 13-18 years had higher state anxiety scores than age-matched children with CF. Mothers of children with CF had higher trait anxiety scores, especially those of children aged 0-12 years, than mothers of healthy children (p<0.05). For mothers of children with CF, state anxiety scores were higher among those whose children had chronic Pseudomonas infection (p<0.05).Most mothers of children with CF stated that their anxiety decreased following the interview.

It is necessary to consider nurses having the characteristics shown as the correlates of burnout in this study as a target group, to screen periodically the burnout status and improve their working conditions, especially relationships with colleagues.

The pediatric population is composed of persons under 16 years of age, and few studies are available on the dermatological diseases of this group. In the present study, data on a total of 6300 pediatric patients admitted between the years 2004-2006 were analyzed. Hospital-based patient registry records were used for data collection. The data were analyzed according to age, sex and time of admittance. A female preponderance (53%) was observed, and adolescents (12-16 years old) constituted the largest group within the patient population (47.6%). A total of 125 dermatoses were recorded. Acne vulgaris was the most prevalent dermatosis (12.4%), followed by atopic dermatitis (11.8%), contact dermatitis (11.3%), warts (9.5%), seborrheic dermatitis (4.3%) and impetigo (4.1%). Atopic dermatitis was the most frequently seen dermatosis in both infants and preschool-age children, whereas contact dermatitis was more prevalent in school-age children, and acne vulgaris was more prevalent in the adolescent group. The frequencies of some diseases showed seasonal variations. Acne vulgaris, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, psoriasis, xerosis and alopecia areata were more common in winter. In contrast, insect bites, vitiligo, dyshidrotic eczema, impetigo and tinea corporis were more common in summer. Studies of the pediatric population, which constitutes the cornerstone of the community, can play an important role in determining the policies of protective medicine and public health. New studies will help us to better understand the frequency of dermatological diseases in the pediatric population according to age, gender and season, and take precautions with regard to these conditions.

The findings indicate which groups of staff should be targeted for educational programmes. Consideration also needs to be given to the unwanted effects of working long shifts, where tiredness may contribute to the number of needlestick injuries.

The study indicated the need for legal regulations regarding the sale of antibiotics without prescription and, health education is required for the community to decrease the inappropriate use of antibiotics and self-medication.

To identify the normal defecation patterns and the factors affecting these patterns in the first two years of life, a questionnaire was given to the parents of 1,021 children who were followed in a well-child clinic. The time of first meconium passage, presence of colic symptoms, frequency, color, and consistency of stools were recorded.Mann Whitney U, Wilcoxon, chi-square, and correlation tests were used in the statistical analyses. The median number of defecations per day was six in the first month of life. This decreased to once in the second month and almost all cases remained so until the end of the 24th month. At the second month of age, 39.3% of infants passed stools less than once a day. This pattern of rare defecation was seen until the end of 6 months, when supplemental foods were started. Stool frequency was higher in exclusively breast-fed infants (p = 0.0001). Infants who had colic symptoms in the first 2 months had less frequent defecation during the first 2 years of life (p = 0.0001). In addition to confirming the previously observed defecation patterns of 0-2-year-old infants, this study provides the relationship between colic symptoms and stool frequency, and showed that the second month of life was unique in the sense that the frequency of stooling decreased to half of the previous month and 39.3% of these infants defecated less than once a day.

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