Single Photon Emission Computerised Tomography in Chronic Alcoholism

Kuruoğlu, Aslı Çepik; Arikan, Zehra; Vural, Gülin Uçmak; Karataş, Metin; Araç, Mehmet; Işık, Erdal

doi:10.1192/bjp.169.3.348

Cited by 100 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This dose-response relationship is consistent with the majority of perfusion studies in ALC (Gazdzinski et al, 2006; Kuruoglu et al, 1996; Melgaard et al, 1990; Nicolas et al, 1993) but not all (Mon et al, 2009), and congruent with the apparently greater vulnerability of anterior frontal regions to chronic alcohol consumption. In sALC but not in sPSU, greater smoking severity related to lower perfusion in parietal, temporal and subcortical regions, suggesting susceptibility of select regions to cigarette smoking effects (Durazzo et al, 2014a) and consistent with healthy (elderly) smokers showing greater rates of atrophy in select regions than nonsmokers (Durazzo et al, 2012a).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Similarly, glucose metabolism is decreased in frontal regions of ALC and cocaine dependent individuals (Adams et al, 1993; Dao-Castellana et al, 1998; Volkow et al, 1992a, 1992b, 1994; Wang et al, 1993). In alcoholism, both chronic alcohol and tobacco use are associated with altered perfusion: higher alcohol consumption is associated with lower frontal and parietal perfusion (Kuruoglu et al, 1996; Melgaard et al, 1990; Nicolas et al, 1993), and greater cigarette smoking severity is associated with lower frontal and/or parietal perfusion in smoking ALC (sALC) (Gazdzinski et al, 2006; Mon et al, 2009), but see (Sullivan et al, 2013). These reductions in regional blood flow and glucose metabolism are of functional importance as they are associated with relapse to drinking within the first year after treatment (Durazzo et al, 2010a) and poorer neurocognition in cocaine dependence (Browndyke et al, 2004; Goldstein et al, 2004, 2001; review by Hanlon et al, 2013) and in alcohol dependence (Adams et al, 1993; Dao-Castellana et al, 1998; Goldstein et al, 2004; Melgaard et al, 1990; Nicolas et al, 1993; Wang et al, 1993), although with some contradictions (Demir et al, 2002; Gazdzinski et al, 2006; Mon et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brain perfusion in polysubstance users: Relationship to substance and tobacco use, cognition, and self-regulation

Murray

Durazzo

Mon

et al. 2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Brain perfusion is altered in both alcohol dependence and stimulant dependence. Although most substance users also abuse/depend on alcohol concurrently (polysubstance users; PSU), rigorous perfusion research in PSU is limited. Also, the relationships of perfusion abnormalities with cognition, impulsivity or decision making are not well known. Methods Arterial spin labeling MRI and neuropsychological measures assessed perfusion levels and neurocognition in 20 alcohol dependent individuals with comorbid stimulant dependence (PSU), 26 individuals dependent on alcohol only (ALC), and 31 light/non-drinking controls (LD). The patient groups included smokers and non-smokers. Results ALC had lower perfusion than LD in subcortical and cortical brain regions including the brain reward/executive oversight system (BREOS). Contrary to our hypothesis, regional perfusion was generally not lower in PSU than ALC. However, smoking PSU had lower perfusion than smoking ALC in several regions, including BREOS. Lower BREOS perfusion related to greater drinking severity in smoking substance users and to greater smoking severity in smoking ALC. Lower regional perfusion in ALC and PSU correlated with worse performance in different cognitive domains; smoking status affected perfusion-cognition relationships in ALC only. Lower BREOS perfusion in both substance using groups related to higher impulsivity. Conclusion Although regional perfusion was not decreased in PSU as a group, the combination of cigarette smoking and polysubstance use is strongly related to hypoperfusion in important cortical and subcortical regions. As lower perfusion relates to greater smoking severity, worse cognition and higher impulsivity, smoking cessation is warranted for treatment-seeking PSU and ALC.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain perfusion in polysubstance users: Relationship to substance and tobacco use, cognition, and self-regulation

Murray

Durazzo

Mon

et al. 2015

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…Overall, the profiles of early-onset patients bore considerable similarity to those of patients with psychopathy or sociopathy ('Conduct Disorder' or 'Antisocial Personality Disorder' , according to DSM-IV nosology 15 ), another early onset disorder characterized by a pervasive disregard for social and moral standards, consistent irresponsibility and a lack of remorse. Psychopathy may be associated with dysfunction in prefrontal regions [16][17][18] , especially in persons without predisposing psychosocial risk factors 18 . Also of note, children with antisocial tendencies have deficiencies of moral reasoning relative to age-matched controls 19,20 , and abnormal psychophysiological arousal and reactivity are found in adults with antisocial behav- Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impairment of social and moral behavior related to early damage in human prefrontal cortex

et al. 1999

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The long-term consequences of early prefrontal cortex lesions occurring before 16 months were investigated in two adults. As is the case when such damage occurs in adulthood, the two early-onset patients had severely impaired social behavior despite normal basic cognitive abilities, and showed insensitivity to future consequences of decisions, defective autonomic responses to punishment contingencies and failure to respond to behavioral interventions. Unlike adult-onset patients, however, the two patients had defective social and moral reasoning, suggesting that the acquisition of complex social conventions and moral rules had been impaired. Thus early-onset prefrontal damage resulted in a syndrome resembling psychopathy.

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“…A comparison of alcohol dependent subjects with healthy controls found that alcoholic subjects with an antisocial personality disorder had significantly greater frontal hypoperfusion than other alcoholic subjects 53. As a group, adolescent and adult psychiatric patients who had physically attacked another person or destroyed property showed significantly decreased prefrontal activity compared with matched, non-aggressive psychiatric patient controls 54.…”

Section: Neuroimaging In Aggressive and Violent Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 98%

ADVANCES IN NEUROPSYCHIATRY: Neuropsychiatry of frontal lobe dysfunction in violent and criminal behaviour: a critical review

Brower

Price²

2001

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &Amp; Psychiatry

488

277

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Objectives-To establish the link between frontal lobe dysfunction and violent and criminal behaviour, based on a review of relevant literature. Methods-Articles relating evidence of frontal lobe dysfunction with violence or crime were collected through a MEDLINE search using the keyword "frontal lobe" combined with the terms "aggression," "violence," "crime," "antisocial personality disorder," "psychopathy," "impulse control disorders", and "episodic dyscontrol." Reference lists were then searched for additional articles. Results-High rates of neuropsychiatric abnormalities reported in persons with violent and criminal behaviour suggest an association between aggressive dyscontrol and brain injury, especially involving the frontal lobes. The studies reviewed support an association between frontal lobe dysfunction and increased aggressive and antisocial behaviour. Focal orbitofrontal injury is specifically associated with increased aggression. Deficits in frontal executive function may increase the likelihood of future aggression, but no study has reliably demonstrated a characteristic pattern of frontal network dysfunction predictive of violent crime. Conclusions-Clinically significant focal frontal lobe dysfunction is associated with aggressive dyscontrol, but the increased risk of violence seems less than is widely presumed. Evidence is strongest for an association between focal prefrontal damage and an impulsive subtype of aggressive behaviour. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001;71:720-726)

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Single Photon Emission Computerised Tomography in Chronic Alcoholism

Abstract: Patients with ASP are more sensitive to toxic effects of alcohol. Alternatively chronic alcoholism leads to frontal lobe dysfunction recognised as ASP in the clinical setting.

Cited by 100 publications

References 16 publications

Brain perfusion in polysubstance users: Relationship to substance and tobacco use, cognition, and self-regulation

Brain perfusion in polysubstance users: Relationship to substance and tobacco use, cognition, and self-regulation

Impairment of social and moral behavior related to early damage in human prefrontal cortex

ADVANCES IN NEUROPSYCHIATRY: Neuropsychiatry of frontal lobe dysfunction in violent and criminal behaviour: a critical review

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