Impairment of social and moral behavior related to early damage in human prefrontal cortex

Anderson, Steven W.; Bechara, Antoine; Damásio, Hanna; Tranel, Daniel; Damásio, António R.

doi:10.1038/14833

Cited by 1,074 publications

(749 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, several new studies have emerged since (see Eslinger, Flaherty-Craig, & Benton in this issue; see also Stuss & Anderson, this issue). The lesions documented in these studies reliably lead to chronic adaptation problems that resemble developmental psychopathy (Anderson et al, 1999;Eslinger, Biddle, Pennington, & Page, 1999;Eslinger & Grattan, 1991). As we have shown above, the resemblance with actual psychopathy remains limited.…”

Section: Developmental Issuesmentioning

confidence: 58%

Neurocognitive elements of antisocial behavior: Relevance of an orbitofrontal cortex account

Séguin

2004

Brain and Cognition

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This paper reviews the role of orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) lesions in antisocial behaviors and the adequacy of a strict OFC account of antisocial disorders where there is no evidence of lesion. Neurocognitive accounts of antisocial behaviors are extended beyond the OFC. Several methodological shortcomings specific to this neuroscience approach to antisocial behavior are identified. A developmental approach is advocated to chart the developmental sequences of impaired brain development and of the various comorbid states typically seen in antisocial disorders.

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Section: Developmental Issuesmentioning

confidence: 58%

Neurocognitive elements of antisocial behavior: Relevance of an orbitofrontal cortex account

Séguin

2004

Brain and Cognition

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“…9,32 Also, damage to adjacent OFC regions of prefrontal cortex impairs automatic feedback from social cues, particularly angry or aversive expressions, and the control of impulsive responses. 9,13,23,33–37 In sum, frontally-impaired patients commit impulsive acts without emotion or concern for the consequences. Similar to these acute frontal-lesioned patients, many dementia patients with frontal-predominant disease commit disinhibited antisocial acts without premeditation or foresight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…22,24–30 If the VMPFC lesions are acquired early in life, patients may have impaired development of moral decision-making. 13,14,31 When frontal lobe-injured patients commit antisocial acts, they are mostly disinhibited; that is, they are impulsively reactive to environmental stimuli, with decreased concern for the consequences of their behavior. 9,32 Also, damage to adjacent OFC regions of prefrontal cortex impairs automatic feedback from social cues, particularly angry or aversive expressions, and the control of impulsive responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,12 Some investigators, however, report that lesions of VMPFC and adjacent areas, if acquired early in life, can impair the development of socio-moral knowledge and judgment, similar to the impairment of psychopathic personality. 13,14 Among patients with FTD, other investigators have shown decreased emotional responsiveness to others and a tendency to respond to moral dilemmas in a calculated fashion. 7,15,16 …”

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confidence: 99%

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The Spectrum of Sociopathy in Dementia

Mendez¹,

Shapira²,

Saul³

2011

Journal of Neuropsychiatry

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Although well-known from head trauma and acute strokes, sociopathic behavior from dementia is less known and understood. This study reviewed 33 dementia patients who had been in trouble with the law. They were divided into two groups: 22 who committed impulsive sociopathic acts and 11 who committed non-impulsive acts. The impulsive patients demonstrated nonviolent acts, such as dis-inhibited sexual behavior or pathological stealing, and had disproportionate frontal-caudate atrophy on neuroimaging. The majority of non-impulsive patients demonstrated agitation-paranoia, sometimes with reactive aggression, delusional beliefs, or aphasic paranoia, and had advanced memory and other cognitive impairment. The impulsive patients tended to have frontally predominant illnesses such as frontotemporal dementia or Huntington’s disease, whereas the non-impulsive group tended to have Alzheimer’s disease or prominent aphasia. Sociopathy has different causes in dementia. Two common mechanisms are disinhibition, with frontally predominant disease, and agitation-paranoia, with greater cognitive impairment. These forms of sociopathy differ significantly from the antisocial/ psychopathic personality.

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“…Lesions to these regions impair and reduce the execution of social behaviors and can lead to the inability to adhere to group or social norms (Anderson, Bechara, Damasio, Tranel, & Damasio, 1999; Gu et al., 2015; Hadland, Rushworth, Gaffan, & Passingham, 2003; Rudebeck, Buckley, Walton, & Rushworth, 2006; Tranel, Bechara, & Denburg, 2002). Notably, accounts have highlighted that these regions play important roles in processing information about group membership and categorization, and information regarding whether the actions of others violate group norms (Cikara, Jenkins, Dufour, & Saxe, 2014; Cikara & Van Bavel, 2014; Hein, Silani, Preuschoff, Batson, & Singer, 2010; Molenberghs, Gapp, Wang, Louis, & Decety, 2016; Molenberghs & Morrison, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not on my team: Medial prefrontal cortex responses to ingroup fusion and unfair monetary divisions

et al. 2018

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ObjectivePeople are highly attuned to fairness, with people willingly suffering personal costs to prevent others benefitting from unfair acts. Are fairness judgments influenced by group alignments? A new theory posits that we favor ingroups and denigrate members of rival outgroups when our personal identity is fused to a group. Although the mPFC has been separately implicated in group membership and fairness processing, it is unclear whether group alignments affect medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activity in response to fairness. Here, we examine the contribution of different regions of the mPFC to processing from ingroup and outgroup members and test whether its response differs depending on how fused we are to an ingroup.MethodsSubjects performed rounds of the Ultimatum Game, being offered fair or unfair divisions of money from supporters of the same soccer team (ingroup), the fiercest rival (outgroup) or neutral individuals whilst undergoing functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI).ResultsStrikingly, people willingly suffered personal costs to prevent outgroup members benefitting from both unfair and fair offers. Activity across dorsal and ventral (VMPFC) portions of the mPFC reflected an interaction between fairness and group membership. VMPFC activity in particular was consistent with it coding one's fusion to a group, with the fairness by group membership interaction correlating with the extent that the responder's identity was fused to the ingroup.ConclusionsThe influence of fusion on social behavior therefore seems to be linked to processing in the VMPFC.

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Impairment of social and moral behavior related to early damage in human prefrontal cortex

Cited by 1,074 publications

References 18 publications

Neurocognitive elements of antisocial behavior: Relevance of an orbitofrontal cortex account

Neurocognitive elements of antisocial behavior: Relevance of an orbitofrontal cortex account

The Spectrum of Sociopathy in Dementia

Not on my team: Medial prefrontal cortex responses to ingroup fusion and unfair monetary divisions

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