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Mastitis in dairy cattle is the most common management disorder that causes higher economic losses by lowering production and quality of milk leads to substantial economical loss. The aim of this article was to review worldwide important advances in strategies to control mastitis for production augmentation in dairy cattle. Many scientists worked to identify effective strategies to control mastitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, and others. It is necessary to identify mechanisms of infection, define clinical and subclinical states of disease, determine exposure time, and identify pathogen-specific characteristics. Evolvement of management strategies that incorporated hygienic procedures (animal, floor, and milkman), post milking standing period of animal and strategic use of antibiotic or herbal therapy at dry-off, nutritional supplementation, fly control, body condition score optimization, etc., resulted in widespread control of mastitis. The udder, teat of animal, scientific management of milking, automatic milking procedure, genetic selection are considered as important factors to control mastitis. As farm management changed, scientists were directed to redefine control of mastitis caused by opportunistic pathogens of environmental sources and have sought to explore management strategies which will maintain animal well-being in a judicial way. Although significant advances in mastitis management have been made changing herd structure, changing climatic scenario and more rigorous milk processing standards ensure that mastitis will remain important issue for future research.

The productive and reproductive performances of dairy animals have direct effect to milk production and profitability of dairy enterprise. The present study was carried out to analyse the productive and reproductive performance of cattle and buffaloes reared under farmers’ management in three states of differential dairy progress in India. Haryana, Maharashtra and Odisha states were purposively selected from highly, moderately and least dairy progressive states, respectively. The total sample size was 900 containing 300 dairy farmers from each state. The finding shows that the productive and reproductive performances of buffalos in Haryana are better than Maharashtra and Odisha. The productive and reproductive performances of Crossbred were found better in Haryana as well as Maharashtra than Odisha. In Haryana, very few farmers reared Indigenous cattle but the performances were better than Maharashtra and Odisha. The better performance of Haryana may be due to being home track of elite Murrah buffalo, Tharparker and Sahiwal breeds of Indigenous cattle, agro-climatic situations, veterinary services and managerial skills of dairy farmers. To improve the productive and reproductive performance of dairy animals in the moderately progressive (Maharashtra) and least progressive (Odisha) states efforts should be focused on breed improvement, better veterinary infrastructure and enhance the managerial skills of the farmers

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