Readily usable strategies to control mastitis for production augmentation in dairy cattle: A review

Abstract

Mastitis in dairy cattle is the most common management disorder that causes higher economic losses by lowering production and quality of milk leads to substantial economical loss. The aim of this article was to review worldwide important advances in strategies to control mastitis for production augmentation in dairy cattle. Many scientists worked to identify effective strategies to control mastitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, and others. It is necessary to identify mechanisms of infection, define clinical and subclinical states of disease, determine exposure time, and identify pathogen-specific characteristics. Evolvement of management strategies that incorporated hygienic procedures (animal, floor, and milkman), post milking standing period of animal and strategic use of antibiotic or herbal therapy at dry-off, nutritional supplementation, fly control, body condition score optimization, etc., resulted in widespread control of mastitis. The udder, teat of animal, scientific management of milking, automatic milking procedure, genetic selection are considered as important factors to control mastitis. As farm management changed, scientists were directed to redefine control of mastitis caused by opportunistic pathogens of environmental sources and have sought to explore management strategies which will maintain animal well-being in a judicial way. Although significant advances in mastitis management have been made changing herd structure, changing climatic scenario and more rigorous milk processing standards ensure that mastitis will remain important issue for future research.

Impact of Probiotics on Dairy Production Efficiency

“…Even though these studies are limited to in vitro cell line models or small animals, the results are promising and comparable effects are anticipated to occur in extended in situ experiments. In addition to enteric, parasite and viral infections, mastitis is a highly prevalent disease in lactating dairy animals that causes a substantial economic loss to milk producers ( Bhakat et al, 2020 ). Several probiotics administered orally or locally have shown their potential to reduce mastitis infection by modulating the intestinal microbial composition, immunological responses and by enhancing the epithelial barrier function ( Figures 2 and 3 ; Tanbayeva et al, 2016 ; Armas et al, 2017 ; Rainard and Foucras, 2018 ; Pellegrino et al, 2019 ; Steinberg et al, 2021 ).…”

Udder Health Maintenance to Augment Milk Production in Dairy Cattle: A Review

“…Such farmer friendly management strategies can be considered as an alternative and novel approach for controlling mastitis and maintenance of udder health in dairy cows. Research finding on fly control measures in hot humid tropical region and dry period duration were effectively arrest the transmission of pathogens causing SCM and maintaining good udder health throughout lactation (Bhakat et al, 2020a and2021).…”

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Staphylococcal Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Animals of Chitwan, Nepal

“…In India, INR 60532.2 million was estimated amount of annual economic loss due to mastitis in which 70-80% (INR 43653.2 million) accounts for sub-clinical mastitis. 17,18 Nepal is an agricultural developing country. A big part of Nepal's economy is dependent on agriculture, and livestock play an important role in that sector.…”