There has been growing interest on probiotics to enhance weight gain and disease resistance in young calves and to improve the milk yield in lactating animals by reducing the negative energy balance during the peak lactation period. While it has been well established that probiotics modulate the microbial community composition in the gastrointestinal tract, and a probiotic-mediated homeostasis in the rumen could improve feed conversation competence, volatile fatty acid production and nitrogen flow that enhances the milk composition as well as milk production, detailed changes on the molecular and metabolic level prompted by probiotic feed additives are still not understood. Moreover, as living biotherapeutic agents, probiotics have the potential to directly change the gene expression profile of animals by activating the signalling cascade in the host cells. Various direct and indirect components of probiotic approaches to improve the productivity of dairy animals are discussed in this review.
The art of developing potential anticancer molecules involves a reasonable selection of core moiety and tethering with biologically active pharmacophores. We report a library of rationally designed twelve triazole tethered benzimidazole molecules as novel potential inhibitors for cancer. Their synthesis followed a facile copper-catalysed cycloaddition reaction with good yields. Although in-silico molecular docking studies of the synthesized compounds with epigenetic protein viz., PRMTs showed inhibition, the compounds bearing amino acid and aryl groups exhibited excellent performance. The potential anti-cancer activity of the library of molecules are further evaluated in vitro against the selected cancer cell lines (MCF-7, DU145, PC3 and HepG2) besides methylation assays. In vitro results revealed that the compounds bearing amino acid and aryl groups exhibited better activity and particularly, 3-CF 3 -phenyl derivative (IC 50 = 4.11 μm against MCF-7) exerted prominent anticancer potency against all the tested cell lines. The observed strong anticancer potency of lead compound is supported by its strong binding nature noted in in-silico molecular docking studies.
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