HE 18TH DYNASTY (CIRCA 1550-1295 of the New Kingdom (circa 1550-1070 BC) was one of the most powerful royal houses of ancient Egypt. The pharaoh Akhenaten, who ruled from circa 1351 to 1334 BC, is considered one of the most controversial of the Egyptian pharaohs, because his attempt to radically transform traditional religion affected all facets of society and caused great turmoil.Akhenaten's eventual successor, Tutankhamun, is probably the most famous of all pharaohs, although his tenure was brief. He died in the ninth year of his reign, circa 1324 BC, at age 19 years. Little was known of Tutankhamun and his ancestry prior to Howard Carter's discovery of his intact tomb (KV62) in For editorial comment see p 667.

Objective: In early 2020, the spread of coronavirus disease-2019 led the World Health Organization to declare this disease a pandemic. Initial epidemiological data showed that patients with cancer were at high risk of developing severe forms of COVID-19. National scientific societies published recommendations modifying the patients' breast cancer (BC) management to preserve, in theory, quality oncologic care, avoiding the increased risk of contamination. The Senology International Society (SIS) decided to take an inventory of the actions taken worldwide. This study investigates COVID-19-related changes concerning BC management and analyzes the will to maintain them after the pandemic, evaluating their oncological safety consequences.Materials and Methods: SIS network members participated in an online survey using a questionnaire (Microsoft® Forms) from June 15 th to July 31 st , 2020.Results: Forty-five responses from 24 countries showed that screening programs had been suspended (68%); magnetic resonance imagines were postponed (73%); telemedicine was preferred when possible (71%). Surgeries were postponed: reconstructive (77%), for benign diseases (84%), and in patients with significant comorbidities (66%). Chemotherapy and radiotherapy protocols had been adapted in 28% of patients in both. Exception for telemedicine (34%), these changes in practice should not be continued. Conclusion:The SIS survey showed significant changes in BC's diagnosis and treatment during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, but most of these changes should not be maintained. Indeed, women have fewer severe forms of COVID-19 and are less likely to die than men. The risk of dying from COVID-19 is more related to the presence of comorbidities and age than to BC. Stopping screening and delaying treatment leads to more advanced stages of BC. Only women aged over 65 with BC under treatment and comorbidities require adaptation of their cancer management.

The use of cercariometry in epidemiological studies has been limited by turbidity, difficulty of recovering cercariae at low concentrations in natural waters, and by complex apparatus that requires a power source. The technique of differential filtration developed by Theron has been modified and tested in the laboratory and in the field in Upper Egypt for detection of Schistosoma haematobium cercariae. A recovery filter with a pore size of 30 micrometer was found to give the best results. The recovery rate in the laboratory was 51% on filtration of 5-liter samples of formalin-treated water, and 19-30% with 10- and 20-liter samples. This moderate efficiency is offset by simplicity of the technique, rapid filtration, and ease of reading the recovery filter, permitting sampling of large volumes of water in the field by persons with little training. Average densities of 0.024 cercariae per liter of water were found at the Nile and 0.029 cercariae per liter in the irrigation canals. Most cercariae were recovered between 0.700 and 0900 hours.

This study suggests that Ramesses III was murdered during the harem conspiracy by the cutting of his throat. Unknown man E is a possible candidate as Ramesses III's son Pentawere.

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reported ancient DNA data from 11 royal Egyptian mummies and used microsatellites to ascertain kinship among specimens. We question the reliability of the genetic data presented in this study and therefore the validity of the authors' conclusions. Furthermore, we urge a more critical assessment of the ancient DNA data in the context of DNA degradation and contamination.The long-term survival of DNA is determined by the environmental history of the samples, and Gilbert et al 2 argued in reference to mitochondrial DNA that "in most, if not all, ancient Egyptian remains, [ancient DNA] does not survive to a level that is currently retrievable." The age of the mummies (more than 3300 years before the present) coupled with their preservation history suggests that DNA survival is highly unlikely. Longterm survival of nuclear DNA sequences, as accessed by Hawass et al, is even less likely than mitochondrial DNA, given lower copy numbers per cell. Success in the retrieval of putative nuclear DNA sequences is also surprising given the use of traditional polymerase chain reaction techniques rather than newly developed capture approaches coupled with second-generation sequencing that allow for successful capture of degraded (shorter) DNA sequences. 3 Contamination is a major obstacle in human ancient DNA research. 4 Although laboratory members involved in the study were genotyped, no persons handling the specimens prior to the study were included, raising a question of the reliability of the microsatellite profiles. Precautions such as genotyping of associated nonhuman remains and including information on the microsatellite allele frequencies in presentday Egypt would have clarified the issue of modern contamination.Another cause for concern is the lack of reported quality control measures in the genotyping of microsatellites. Potential genotyping errors include allelic stutters, allelic dropout, short allele dominance, and null alleles, all of which can result in the incorrect identification of alleles. Even small error rates (0.01 per allele) can lead to high error rates in downstream applications, such as false paternity exclusion in kinship testing. 5