The emblematic connotations and ideological values of images affect the way iconographic and visual codes are interpreted in dubbing. Religion, culture, and politics are all primary variables that communicate evaluative views of the world, but also impose pressure on the translator when they stand in conflict with his or her attitudinal positioning and ethical judgement. Thus, this article aims to examine how the interplay between iconographic and linguistic codes of the visual sign in the musical animation This Land is Mine impacts translational decision-making in dubbing into Arabic. Simultaneously, the aim of this article is to evaluate how religious, cultural, and ideological dissonances between source text and target audience result in acts of manipulation and negotiation of meaning in the target text that explicitly channels the voice of the translator. We employ a dual theoretical approach combining narrative theory and appraisal theory in order to evaluate patterns of manipulation within a scaled system to provide graded analysis that exposes the ideological stance and bias of the source text’s producer/animator in representing reality via visual narrative.

Monsters Inc., an animated feature film produced by Pixar Animation Studios in 2001, received significant recognition worldwide. The film was nominated in 2002 for the ASCAP Film and Television Music Awards by the Box Office Films. Two dubbed versions of the film were later released with Arabic translations using Egyptian Vernacular, a spoken dialect, and Modern Standard Arabic, used primarily in formal, written communications.This study examines humor in translation and irony as humor which represents a common technique in “Pixar plotting”. The research investigates the strategies, types, and categories of irony as humor within the translations and the success of those translations at accurately transmitting the humorous meaning. Towards exploring the problems of translating irony across languages and cultures, this research examines the shifts in translations between the two Arabic language versions using an interdisciplinary theoretical approach encompassing humor studies, audiovisual translation studies, and descriptive translation studies. Furthermore, the research adopts Muecke’s (1978) classification of irony markers to categorize and identify the strategies used in translating irony as humor. The study finds that the two different versions of Arabic utilize similar strategies at times and divergent ones at others, such as explication, substitution, omission or addition, in translating irony as humor with each succeeding/failing at varied levels of meaning transmission. The research suggests translators’ creativity, or lack thereof, and the language variant used are primarily responsible for the success or failure of transmitting irony as humor for dubbing into Arabic.

No abstract

Background: Trichinellosis is a worldwide re-emerging parasitic disease, affecting humans. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of nitazoxanide (NTZ) loaded on solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for the treatment of murine Trichinella spiralis infection in comparison with the crude nitazoxanide and ivermectin. Methods: 160 Male Swiss albino mice were divided into eight groups. Each group was further subdivided into the intestinal phase & muscular phase; G1: healthy not infected control, G2: infected control group, G3: infected and treated with SLNs, G4: infected and treated with ivermectin, G5: infected and treated with NTZ, G6: infected and treated with NTZ-SLNs, G7: infected and treated with ivermectin combined with NTZ and G8: infected then treated with ivermectin combined with NTZ-SLNs. All groups except G1 were orally infected with 250-300 T. spiralis larvae. Assessment of the treatment efficacy was performed parasitologically, histopathologically and serologically. Results: A significant reduction in the number of intestinal adult worm and encysted muscular larvae in all treated groups was found with highest reduction rate in G8 (99.1%,89%). These results were confirmed by histopathological improvement of the targeted groups. Conclusion: Although NTZ was inferior to ivermectin in the treatment of trichinellosis during the intestinal phase, it was superior to it in the muscular phase. Loading NTZ on SLNs resulted in increasing its efficacy against both intestinal and muscular phases. The combinations between ivermectin and the crude and loaded NTZ showed higher efficacies. ELISA results were non-significant, being not valid for the follow up of the treatment efficacy.

No abstract