Agroforestry has been practiced for decades and is undoubtedly an important source of income for Indonesian households living near forests. However, there are still many cases of poverty among farmers due to a lack of ability to adopt advanced technology. This literature review aims to identify the characteristics and factors causing the occurrence of agricultural subsistence and analyze its implications for the level of farmer welfare and the regional forestry industry. The literature analysis conducted reveals that small land tenure, low literacy rates, and lack of forest maintenance are the main causes of the subsistence of small agroforestry farmers. Another reason is that subsistence-oriented agroforestry practices are considered a strong form of smallholder resilience. All of these limitations have implications for low land productivity and high-sawn timber waste from community forests. To reduce the subsistence level of farmers, government intervention is needed, especially in providing managerial assistance packages, capital assistance, and the marketing of forest products. Various agroforestry technologies are available but have not been implemented consistently by farmers. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an integrated collaboration between researchers, farmers, and regionally owned enterprises (BUMD) to increase access to technology and markets. Although it is still difficult to realize, forest services, such as upstream–downstream compensation and carbon capture, have the potential to increase farmer income.

ManglietiaglaucaManglid ( BI) merupakan tanaman andalan Jawa Barat, Indonesia, karena cepat tumbuh dan banyak kegunaannya, namun teknik pembibitan khususnya secara vegetatif belum dikuasai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh 6 dosis hormon Rootone-F terhadap kemampuan hidup dan pertumbuhan stek pucuk manglid. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah (CRD) dengan 6 perlakuan yaitu kontrol (tanpa hormon), Rootone-F 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 500 ppm dan dioles. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian Rootone-F 100 ppm menghasilkan jumlah tunas tertinggi dibanding perlakuan lain (peningkatan 55% terhadap kontrol), panjang akar tertinggi sebesar 8,85 cm (peningkatan 34,46% dibanding kontrol) dan jumlah akar terbanyak sebesar 6,75 buah (peningkatan 40,74% dibanding kontrol). Pada parameter persentase hidup pemberian Rootone-F dioles menghasilkan nilai tertinggi yaitu 22,68 % dan tidak berbeda nyata dengan pemberian Rootone-F 100 ppm (20,68%). ABSTRACT

Indonesia is an archipelago with significant variations in natural resources, infrastructure, socioeconomic, culture, human resource capacity, accessibility, and access to financial and technical assistance. In this situation, integrated and unique efforts are needed to manage natural resources and build synergy between their protection and utilization to achieve water, energy, and food (WEF) security in accordance with the SDG targets. This paper analyzes the implementations of the WEF nexus in rural Indonesia by examining existing legal frameworks and other related policies, journals, textbooks, and publications. We explore factors influencing the success and failure of the implementation of the WEF nexus approaches from technical, socioeconomic, cultural, political, and institutional perspectives of the rural development framework.

ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan campuran bahan organik dan tanah mineral sebagai media sapih terhadap pertumbuhan dan indeks mutu bibit mindi. Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Penelitian Kehutanan Ciamis pada bulan Juni 2008 s/d Januari 2009. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah CRD (Complete Random Design) dengan tujuh perlakuan yaitu C1 (tanah + pupuk kandang (3:1)), C2 (tanah), C3 (tanah + pupuk kandang + sekam padi (1:1:1)), C4 (tanah + pupuk kandang + pasir (1:1:1)), C5(tanah + pupuk kandang + serbuk sabut kelapa (1:1:1)), C6 ((tanah + pupuk kandang + serutan kayu gergajian (1:1:1)) dan C7 ( tanah + pupuk kandang + abu sekam padi (1:1:1)). Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa tujuh media yang diujikan berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan diameter, tinggi, berat kering total dan indeks mutu bibit mindi. Pertumbuhan tinggi dan diameter bibit mindi dengan media C1 (41,175 cm/0,305 cm) dan C4 (37,789 cm/0,326 cm) yang berbeda nyata lebih baik dibanding media lainnya. Berat kering total bibit mindi pada media C1 (2,189 gram) dan C4 (2,785 gram) yang relatif lebih baik meskipun tidak berbeda nyata dengan media C3 (2,123 gram), C5 (2,067 gram) dan C7 (2,140 gram). Indeks mutu bibit dengan media C3 (0,033) yang relatif lebih baik tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan C1 (0,026), C4 (0,025) dan C7 (0,031).Kata kunci : Bahan organik, indeks mutu bibit dan Melia azedarach L.

The objective of this research was to find out the transplanting media which is able to promote the best growth and quality of Manglieta glauca BI seedling. The experiment was conducted at the nursery of

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The adoption of agroforestry system aims to combine food production enhancement to compensate population growth with the improvement of agricultural marketable products to increase household income. The diversification of food crop products requires more effective land use. In Gunungkidul, high-density teak (Tectona grandis) plantation has dominated many private forests. The area under the tree crown has received low light intensity, where only shade-resistant plants can survive. Tuber crops, i.e., arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea), canna (Canna edulis) and yam (Dioscorea esculenta) are shade-tolerant crops, which were planted in tree understory for supplementary food production and income generation. The cultivation under teak stand has been overlooked due to uncertainty in tuber productivity. To address this knowledge gap, the effect of teak shade (5- and 7-year teak) on the growth and yield of the three tuber crops was examined. The results indicated that both teak trial areas (with RLI 45.13% and 38.76%) were suitable for canna production (LER > 1), while management options were recommended for enhancing arrowroot and yam production. The LER of intercropped three-tuber crops under 5 years’ teak were >1, while of those under 7 years’ teak, only canna reached >1. Canna is the preferred option to be mixed in teak agroforestry systems with low light intensity due to its consistent yields, whether planted in open area or under teak shade. Silvicultural management, pruning and thinning are recommended to increase the growing space and resource sharing for intercropped plants. Land optimization in private forest understory using shade-resistant tubers will offer medium-term benefits, provided that proper silvicultural procedures are applied.

The agricultural sector is one of the aspects that was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study aims to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on agroforestry farmers’ livelihoods in rural areas. It was carried out in Tasikmalaya Regency, East Priangan, where mixed garden agroforestry farming supports part of the economic life of the community. The data used were collected between August and September 2021 by interviewing 33 farmer households. A coding and descriptive analysis were carried out to discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on agroforestry farmers and their strategies. Subsequently, the cost-income, revenue cost ratio, and labor productivity analyses were used to assess the feasibility of agroforestry farming before and during the pandemic. The results showed that government policies related to handling the pandemic in form of Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) and the Implementation of Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM) significantly affected the lives of farmers. These include decreased demand and commodity selling prices, difficulties in marketing agroforestry products, and a decrease in farmers' incomes by 38.45%. The agroforestry business has become less viable due to a reduction in farm productivity from R/C 1.1 before the pandemic to 0.85 during the pandemic, while farmer labor productivity decreased from US$ 3.00 to US$ 2.10. The farmers used direct cash assistance from the government and processed agroforestry products for sale and consumption as a survival strategy during the pandemic. Meanwhile, the government can help agroforestry farmers by increasing road access to rural areas, providing fertilizer and superior seeds, and also optimizing the role of livestock farmer groups.