When restoring degraded landscapes, approaches capable of striking a balance between improving environmental services and enhancing human wellbeing need to be considered. Agroforestry is an important option for restoring degraded land and associated ecosystem functions. Using survey, key informant interview and rapid carbon stock appraisal (RaCSA) methods, this study was conducted in five districts in West Java province to examine potential carbon stock in agroforestry systems practiced by smallholder farmers on degraded landscapes. Six agroforestry systems with differing carbon stocks were identified: gmelina (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) + cardamom (Amomum compactum); manglid (Magnolia champaca (L.) Baill. ex Pierre) + cardamom; caddam (Neolamarckiacadamba (Roxb.) Bosser) + cardamom; caddam + elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.); mixed-tree + fishpond; and mixed-tree lots. Compared to other systems, mixed-tree lots had the highest carbon stock at 108.9 Mg ha−1. Carbon stock variations related to species density and diversity. Farmers from research sites said these systems also prevent soil erosion and help to restore degraded land. Farmers’ adoption of agroforestry can be enhanced by the implementation of supportive policies and measures, backed by scientific research.

Agroforestry has been practiced for decades and is undoubtedly an important source of income for Indonesian households living near forests. However, there are still many cases of poverty among farmers due to a lack of ability to adopt advanced technology. This literature review aims to identify the characteristics and factors causing the occurrence of agricultural subsistence and analyze its implications for the level of farmer welfare and the regional forestry industry. The literature analysis conducted reveals that small land tenure, low literacy rates, and lack of forest maintenance are the main causes of the subsistence of small agroforestry farmers. Another reason is that subsistence-oriented agroforestry practices are considered a strong form of smallholder resilience. All of these limitations have implications for low land productivity and high-sawn timber waste from community forests. To reduce the subsistence level of farmers, government intervention is needed, especially in providing managerial assistance packages, capital assistance, and the marketing of forest products. Various agroforestry technologies are available but have not been implemented consistently by farmers. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an integrated collaboration between researchers, farmers, and regionally owned enterprises (BUMD) to increase access to technology and markets. Although it is still difficult to realize, forest services, such as upstream–downstream compensation and carbon capture, have the potential to increase farmer income.

Indonesia has the second-largest biodiversity of any country in the world. Deforestation and forest degradation have caused a range of environmental issues, including habitat degradation and loss of biodiversity, deterioration of water quality and quantity, air pollution, and increased greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change. Forest restoration at the landscape level has been conducted to balance ecological integrity and human well-being. Forest restoration efforts are also aimed at reducing CO2 emissions and are closely related to Indonesia’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) from the forestry sector. The purpose of this paper is to examine the regulatory, institutional, and policy aspects of forest restoration in Indonesia, as well as the implementation of forest restoration activities in the country. The article was written using a synoptic review approach to Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR)-related articles and national experiences. Failures, success stories, and criteria and indicators for forest restoration success are all discussed. We also discuss the latest silvicultural techniques for the success of the forest restoration program. Restoration governance in Indonesia has focused on the wetland ecosystem such as peatlands and mangroves, but due to the severely degraded condition of many forests, the government has by necessity opted for active restoration involving the planting and establishment of livelihood options. The government has adapted its restoration approach from the early focus on ecological restoration to more forest landscape restoration, which recognizes that involving the local community in restoration activities is critical for the success of forest restoration.

Leavessignifies as the most important part of cajuput-oil-producing tree species from which the corresponding oil is extracted. Dimensionof leaf vary among different genus and even among different trees within the same genus as well as within the same species. In relevant, this research aimed to look into the characteristics of the leaf and essential oil yield of the five cajuput-oil-producing tree species. Those investigated species consisted of red-flowered trees (white-flowered trees , and which altogether indigenously grew at Wasur National Park, in Merauke (Papua). From those five species, approximately 6 kg of fresh leaf was taken and prepared for the steam-distillation process to extract their cajuput oil. In total, there were about 120 pieces of leaves as sampled that represented the dimension of all those five species. Results shows that the leaves of exhibited the biggest dimension (length and width), while those of consecutively has the smallest length and had the smallest width. Leaves of afforded the biggest oil yield (1,43 %) and red-flowered trees had the smallest oil yield (<0,1 %).

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With 120 million hectares of forest area, Indonesia has the third largest area of biodiversity-rich tropical forests in the world, and it is well-known as a mega-biodiversity country. However, in 2020, only 70 percent of this area remained forested. The government has consistently undertaken corrective actions to achieve Sustainable Development Goal targets, with a special focus on Goals #1 (no poverty), #2 (zero hunger), #3 (good health and well-being), #7 (affordable and clean energy), #8 (decent work and economic growth), #13 (climate action), and #15 (life on land). Good environmental governance is a core concept in Indonesia’s forest management and includes mainstreaming ecosystem services as a framework for sustainable forest management. This paper analyzes efforts to mainstream Indonesia’s remaining forest ecosystem services. We review the state of Indonesia’s forests in relation to deforestation dynamics, climate change, and ecosystem service potential and options and provide recommendations for mainstreaming strategies regarding aspects of policy, planning, and implementation, as well as the process of the articulation of ecosystem services and their alternative funding.

Menentukan daur tebang merupakan langkah yang penting bagi pengelola hutan untuk mendapatkan keuntungan yang maksimal dalam pengelolaan hutannya. Daur finansial Faustmann merupakan pendekatan yang telah banyak diterapkan di kehutanan khususnya untuk hutan tanaman. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis daur Faustmann pada tegakan jabon di hutan rakyat di Kecamatan Pakenjeng, Kabupaten Garut, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah memaksimalkan keuntungan yang dapat diperoleh pada tiap daur. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengukuran pertumbuhan tegakan jabon meliputi tinggi dan diameter, serta wawancara dengan petani jabon untuk mendapatkan data mengenai biaya dan pendapatan dari tanaman jabon. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa daur finansial Faustmann pada tanaman jabon adalah 6 tahun. Daur ini lebih lama 1 tahun dibandingkan daur biologisnya yaitu 5 tahun. Berdasarkan analisis sensitifitas diketahui bahwa daur Faustmann akan lebih pendek jika terjadi peningkatan harga kayu, peningkatan suku bunga, dan penurunan produksi kayu. Sebaliknya, daur Faustmann akan lebih panjang jika terjadi peningkatan biaya penanaman.

Dalam tulisan ini disajikan hasil analisis aspek finansial pengolahan minyak kayu putih (MKP) secara tradisional di Taman Nasional (TN) Wasur, Papua. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara mendalam dengan penyuling MKP. Penilaian terhadap kelayakan finansial usaha MKP menggunakan ukuran yaitu: NPV, IRR, BCR, dan sensitivitas. Analisis dilakukan dalam kurun waktu 10 tahun dengan suku bunga 10%, dilakukan pada 2 (dua) kasus: pengusahaan oleh penduduk asli dan pengusahaan oleh pendatang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pengolahan oleh penduduk asli nilai NPV adalah Rp 258.686.275 dan BCR: 1,72. Sedangkan nilai NPV dan BCR pada pengolahan MKP oleh pendatang berturut-turut adalah Rp. 56.947.848 dan 1,1. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pengolahan minyak kayu putih secara tradisional pada kedua sistem pengolahan layak secara finansial Analisis finansial, minyak kayu putih, TN Wasur