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Restoration of GSH/GSSG ratio through GSH pre-conditioning inhibits TNF-α and apoptosis in hepatic I/R injury. Hence, GSH pre-conditioning may be utilized in both young and aged individuals during liver transplantation/surgery for better post-operative outcomes.

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Despite zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) being increasingly used as carriers in biomedical fields due to their multifaceted properties and therapeutic importance, better understanding of the mechanisms and cellular consequences resulting from their interaction with cells and cellular components has been warranted. In the present study, we investigate the size-dependent interaction of ZnONPs on RBCs, and its impact on cell viability, DNA damage, ROS generation and morphological changes, employing cellular and analytical methods. Size, charge, stability and solubility were confirmed by DLS, zeta potential, ICP-AES and TEM analysis. Further ICP-AES, TEM, spectroscopic observations and cell based assays showed that ZnONPs exhibited a size dependent impact on RBCs and haemoglobin (Hb), particularly size <50 nm. Conversely, ferulic acid (FA) conjugates and serum albumin significantly reduced the adverse effects exhibited by ZnONPs. The extent of DNA damage and ROS generation is comparatively low in ZnONPs-FA than in ZnONPs alone treated cells. Thus our study documents a novel conceptualization delineating the influence of size on the material properties and therapeutic potential of nanoparticle.

Porridge (koozh) is one of the traditional foods made from Eleusine coracana L. grains (Finger millet). It is a soft food prepared from processed (germinated & fermented) finger millet flour (FMF). However, in the modern world of fast food, koozh is usually prepared from non-processed (non-germinated & non-fermented) FMF. Hence, present study was undertaken to evaluate the macro and micro nutrient contents in koozh prepared from germinated (fermented & non-fermented) and non-germinated (fermented & non-fermented) FMF. Highest protein, carbohydrate and glycoprotein contents were found in koozh prepared from germinated & non-fermented FMF. The free amino acid contents are higher in germinated & fermented condition when compare to other preparations. No significant change was observed in the calorific value of all preparations. There is no statistical difference in macro-nutrients & micro-nutrients minerals such as calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorous and zinc among all the preparations. However, copper content is higher in non-germinated condition, whereas selenium, silicon and sulphur are higher in germinated FMF when compared to others. Significant level of total phenol, total flavonoid and free radical scavenging activity was observed in all preparations, which increased further during fermentation. The present observations, lead us to conclude that koozh prepared from germinated & non-fermented FMF contains higher level of carbohydrate, protein and glycoprotein, however germinated & fermented koozh has increased aminoacids, phytochemicals and free radical scavenging activity. Hence it is suggested that the consumption of koozh made from germinated & fermented FMF may provide easily digestible and energetic nutrients for healthier life.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that play key roles in regulating gene expression in animals, plants, and viruses, which involves in biological processes including development, cancer, immunity, and host-microorganism interactions. In this present study, we have used the computational approach to identify potent miRNAs involved in Anopheles gambiae immune response. Analysis of 217,261 A. gambiae ESTs and further study of RNA folding revealed six new miRNAs. The minimum free energy of the predicted miRNAs ranged from -27.2 to -62.63 kcal/mol with an average of -49.38 kcal/mol. While its A + U % ranges from 50 to 65 % with an average value of 57.37 %. Phylogenetic analysis of the predicted miRNAs revealed that aga-miR-277 was evolutionary highly conserved with more similarity with other mosquito species. Observing further the target identification of the predicted miRNA, it was noticed that the aga-miR-2304 and aga-miR-2390 are involved in modulation of immune response by targeting the gene encoding suppressin and protein prophenoloxidase. Further detailed studies of these miRNAs will help in revealing its function in modulation of A. gambiae immune response with respect to its parasite.