RESUMO:A partir do processo de domesticação as cabras foram retiradas do seu ambiente natural e inseridas em um ambiente empobrecido em estímulos. O problema é que, em função do confinamento inadequado, os animais deixam de realizar comportamentos típicos da espécie e passam a desenvolver comportamentos anormais. Na tentativa de minimizar esses comportamentos, têm-se utilizado a técnica denominada enriquecimento ambiental. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar, analisar e descrever os comportamentos sociais agonísticos e anormais de cabras confinadas com e sem o uso de enriquecimentos ambientais, relacionando-os ao ganho de peso. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho, utilizaram-se 20 cabras mestiças (Saanen x Boer), igualmente divididas em duas baias, sendo a baia controle (Trat 1) tratada conforme a rotina do setor e a baia de enriquecimento (Trat 2) submetida à técnica de enriquecimento ambiental. Realizaram-se observações do tipo focal, perfazendo um total de 216 horas. Verificou-se que as médias de frequência dos comportamentos em cada tratamento diferiram entre si, sendo que na baia de enriquecimento ambiental os animais exibiram menor frequência de comportamentos sociais agonísticos e anormais em relação à baia controle. Conclui-se que o enriquecimento ambiental influenciou de forma positiva no comportamento anormal e social das cabras estudadas. Palavras-chave: bem-estar; caprino; domesticação; peso ABSTRACT: Throughout the history of the animal domestication process, goats were removed from their natural environment and they were placed in an environment with impoverished stimuli. The problem is that because of the confinement, the animals fail to display behaviors typical of the species and they begin to develop abnormal behaviors. In an attempt to minimize these behaviors, it has become common to use a technique named environmental enrichment. The aim was to identify, analyze and describe the agonistic and abnormal social behaviors of confined goats with and without using environmental enrichments, relating them to weight gain. For study development, w e used 20 crossbred goats (Boer x Saanen), equally divided into two pens, where a group control was treated according to the normal routine of the farm (Trat 1) and another one, the enrichment group, was subjected to the technique of environmental enrichment (Trat 2). The two groups were then observed, making a total of 216 hours. It was found that the mean frequency of behaviours for each treatment differ, and that the group with the environmental enrichment animals exhibited lower frequency of agonistic social and abnormal behavior than the control group. It is therefore concluded that environmental enrichment positively influenced the abnormal and social behavior in the goats studied.
SUMMARY:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of period of the year, year of the birth, sex and age on morphometric indices, such as body capacity, body indices, body side indice, anamorphosis indice, compactness indice and body proportionality indice. The correlation between these characteristics was calculated. Santa Ines sheep offspring from the birth to 12 months-old, at the Estado do Rio de Janeiro were used. Measurements were obtained from animals under an extensive scheme within three years of study totaling 2,601 observations. In this work, the year of birth, sex, animal age and triple interaction between these effects have influenced (P<0.05) morphometric indices. According to body and compactness indices averages also was verified that the animals tended for a more compact conformation. Males were higher than females in all measurements and weight. Correlations between all measures were high and positive. The studied animals show a longilinear conformation, tending to compact.
ABSTRACT:The objective of this study was to identify polymorphisms in the myostatin and leptin genes in Santa Inês (SI) and crossbreed (SI x Dorper) sheep, to verify the effect of these polymorphisms on carcass traits. We evaluated seventy sheep of 8-month-old at the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Data collected were slaughter weight (SW), hot carcass weight (HCW), cold carcass weight (CCW), loin weight, tenderloin weight and fat thickness (FT). The hot carcass yield (HCY) was calculated by the formula (HCW/SW) x 100. We collected hairs from each animal for DNA extraction by the alkaline protocol. The animals were genotyped for the G>A mutation in nucleotide 9827 of the myostatin gene and for three polymorphisms in exon 3 of the leptin gene, by the PCR-RFLP technique. The amplicons the myostatin and leptin gene were cleaved with restriction enzyme for allelic discrimination. The alleles were recorded for each animal and analysis of variance was performed to check the influence of the mutations on the carcass traits. The mutant allele of the myostatin gene showed association with increased measures of CCW, FT and with reduced HCY. Among the three alleles of the leptin gene, only one showed an effect (increased CCW). The other alleles were not associated with any traits.
This study, conducted in Anchieta in the south of the state of Espírito Santo, aimed to investigate the presence of brucellosis in cattle slaughtered in a slaughterhouse inspected by the State Inspection Service (S.I.E) and the association between the lesions found in the cervical mucous membrane and the disease. Were collected 1081 blood samples in the period from february to August 2013, of these, 38 (3.52 %) specimens showed granulomatous lesions in the cervical mucous membrane type, cervical ligament and possibly the adjacent musculature. Of these, only 02 (5.26 %) samples were positive for brucellosis in rose Bengal test (AAT), however of the 1034 (95.65%) samples without injury 09 (0.86%) also showed positive in the AAT. To find out whether there was a association between the lesions found and the presence of brucellosis (P>0.05). These data do not explain the association of brucellosis with granulomatous lesions found along the cervical ligament in post-mortem inspection, which suggests the presence of an agent other than Brucella abortus
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