Influência Do Enriquecimento Ambiental Nos Padrões De Comportamentos Sociais E Anormais De Cabras Em Confinamento

Abstract

RESUMO:A partir do processo de domesticação as cabras foram retiradas do seu ambiente natural e inseridas em um ambiente empobrecido em estímulos. O problema é que, em função do confinamento inadequado, os animais deixam de realizar comportamentos típicos da espécie e passam a desenvolver comportamentos anormais. Na tentativa de minimizar esses comportamentos, têm-se utilizado a técnica denominada enriquecimento ambiental. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar, analisar e descrever os comportamentos sociais agonísticos e anormais de cabras confinadas com e sem o uso de enriquecimentos ambientais, relacionando-os ao ganho de peso. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho, utilizaram-se 20 cabras mestiças (Saanen x Boer), igualmente divididas em duas baias, sendo a baia controle (Trat 1) tratada conforme a rotina do setor e a baia de enriquecimento (Trat 2) submetida à técnica de enriquecimento ambiental. Realizaram-se observações do tipo focal, perfazendo um total de 216 horas. Verificou-se que as médias de frequência dos comportamentos em cada tratamento diferiram entre si, sendo que na baia de enriquecimento ambiental os animais exibiram menor frequência de comportamentos sociais agonísticos e anormais em relação à baia controle. Conclui-se que o enriquecimento ambiental influenciou de forma positiva no comportamento anormal e social das cabras estudadas. Palavras-chave: bem-estar; caprino; domesticação; peso ABSTRACT: Throughout the history of the animal domestication process, goats were removed from their natural environment and they were placed in an environment with impoverished stimuli. The problem is that because of the confinement, the animals fail to display behaviors typical of the species and they begin to develop abnormal behaviors. In an attempt to minimize these behaviors, it has become common to use a technique named environmental enrichment. The aim was to identify, analyze and describe the agonistic and abnormal social behaviors of confined goats with and without using environmental enrichments, relating them to weight gain. For study development, w e used 20 crossbred goats (Boer x Saanen), equally divided into two pens, where a group control was treated according to the normal routine of the farm (Trat 1) and another one, the enrichment group, was subjected to the technique of environmental enrichment (Trat 2). The two groups were then observed, making a total of 216 hours. It was found that the mean frequency of behaviours for each treatment differ, and that the group with the environmental enrichment animals exhibited lower frequency of agonistic social and abnormal behavior than the control group. It is therefore concluded that environmental enrichment positively influenced the abnormal and social behavior in the goats studied.

<b>Behavior of Saanen dairy goats in an enriched environment

“…The results of our study were similar to those reported by Oliveira et al, (2015) and Almeida, Margarido and Monteiro Filho (2008). They observed behavioral changes in feed-lot animals with the enrichment of their ambient because this practice makes the environment more comfortable and reduces the apathy in feed-lot animals.…”

“…The behavior of biting stall parts alternated with food intake was considered abnormal and recorded as stereotyped behavior, as well as licking several times the same spot or standing without moving in front of the wall in the same place for a long time. Oliveira et al (2015) stated that goats in feed-lot in environmentally not appropriate places tend to show abnormal behaviors, such as stereotypy, self-destruction, and depraved appetite among others.…”

“…Thus, making animals more productive by fulfilling their behavioral needs. According to Oliveira et al, (2015), the long-term effect of environmental enrichment is more effective for animal production, which justifies its use to improve animals' life quality at a relatively low implementation cost.…”

Enriquecimento Ambiental Em Psitacídeos Criados Em Cativeiro – Revisão De Literatura

“…Divulga-se muito o bem-estar animal associado principalmente a qualidade da carne bovina (OLIVEIRA; BORTOLI; BARCELLOS, 2008). Em cabras em confinamento, por sua vez, a introdução de técnicas de enriquecimento ambiental diminuiu a incidência de comportamentos agonísticos e anormais, melhorando efetivamente a qualidade de vida destes animais (OLIVEIRA et al, 2015).…”