The objective of this study was to evaluate different inclusion levels of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) from corn in the diet of quails. A total of 210 japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were distributed in a completely randomized design of five treatments and six replicates, with seven quails per experimental unit. The treatments used were: control feed; inclusion of 5, 10, 15 and 20% of DDGS. The variables assessed were: feed intake, feed conversion per dozen and egg mass, egg production, egg weight, specific gravity, yolk color and economic analysis. Data were analyzed by regression model and Dunnett’s test at 5% probability. For individual feed intake, laying rate, and feed conversion per egg mass, specific gravity and yolk color by color fan, there was effect caused by inclusion of DDGS (p < 0.05), but the other variables did not show significant difference. By Dunnett’s test, for feed intake, feed conversion per egg mass, specific gravity and digital colorimeter’s L parameter, there was effect (p < 0.05). As for economic analysis, DDGS presented low cost. It can be concluded that DDGS can be used in feed at a 20% level without impairing the performance and quality of quails eggs.

Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho e a qualidade dos ovos de galinhas poedeiras Negras Avifran alimentadas com a inclusão de 0,8% de cada extratos vegetais pigmentantes, extrato de páprica (Capsicum annuum), de flor de marigold (Tagetes erectus) e 0,045 % de pigmentante sintético (cantaxantina) na ração. Utilizou-se 120 poedeiras Negras Avifran distribuídas em 4 tratamentos, 6 repetições com 5 aves cada, totalizando 24 parcelas experimentais, criadas em sistema livre de gaiolas. Foram realizadas análises de desempenho, qualidade dos ovos e cor da gema do ovo através de dois métodos de cores (leque colorimétrico e calorímetro digital). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Não houve influência dos aditivos vegetais sobre os parâmetros de desempenho e qualidade dos ovos (P>0,05), apenas para a variável cor da gema houve efeito significativo (P<0,05). A inclusão de 0,8% de pigmentantes naturais na dieta de poedeiras Negras Avifran pode ser utilizada como forma de substituir a cantaxantina, pois proporciona maior coloração da gema do ovo, favorecendo sua comercialização, e não prejudica o desempenho e a qualidade interna e externa dos ovos (P>0,05). Palavras-chave: Cor de gema, marigold, páprica, pigmentação natural.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of marigold flower extract and paprika on egg quality of Black Avifran laying hens in different periods of storage. A completely randomized design study with a 3x3 factorial scheme with three diets (control, paprika, and marigold flower extract) and three storage periods (0, 7, and 14 days) was carried out. The following metrics were evaluated: egg weight, yolk weight, shell weight; yolk color, albumen height, specific gravity, and Haugh unit as well as the yolk, shell, and albumen percentage relative to the total weight of the egg. There was no significant interaction between additives and storage time (p > 0.05) for most of the parameters evaluated. The only exception was observed for yolk color, in which the interaction effect between treatments was significant (p < 0.05). The effect of storage time was significant (p < 0.05) for albumen weight, albumen percentage, yolk color, albumen height, specific gravity, and Haugh unit, with reduction of these parameters over the evaluation period. The use of paprika and marigold flower extract in the diets of Black Avifran laying hens does not influence egg quality.

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a efetividade de emulsificantes comerciais sobre a disponibilização de energia em dietas com redução energética para frangos de corte e seus efeitos sobre o rendimento de carcaça. Foram utilizadas 1152 aves da linhagem comercial COBB 500, distribuídas em 48 parcelas experimentais, sendo cada parcela constituída por 24 animais. Foi utilizado um delineamento em blocos casualizados, sendo dois blocos (lados do galpão de frangos), seis tratamentos e quatro repetições por bloco. Os tratamentos foram: CP - Controle Positivo, dieta basal com níveis de energia recomendado para a fase (2950, 3080, 3180 e 3230 kcal/kg, respectivamente, para as dietas pré-inicial, inicial, crescimento e final); CN - Dieta controle negativo, sem a inclusão de emulsificante e com redução no nível energético (2910, 3040, 3120 e 3170 kcal/kg, respectivamente, para as dietas préinicial, inicial, crescimento e final); CN + EA - CN com inclusão do emulsificante A (250 g/t); CN + EB - CN com inclusão do emulsificante B (250 g/t); CN + EC - CN com inclusão do emulsificante C (350 g/t); CN + EAB - CN com inclusão da associação dos emulsificantes A+B (150g/tdo emulsificante A, 100g/t do emulsificante B). Todas as dietas foram isonutritivas (isoaminoacídica, isofosfórica e isocálcio) e a alimentação das aves foi ad libitum, à base de milho e farelo de soja. As variáveis analisadas foram rendimento de carcaça com e sem pé e pescoço, rendimento de cortes nobres (peito, coxa, sobrecoxa) e asas, rendimento de vísceras (moela e fígado) e gordura abdominal. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise de variância, e as médias analisadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. O emulsificante A, contendo lecitina de soja, proporcionou melhores resultados para os rendimentos de cortes em frangos, sendo o mais recomendado para as dietas com os níveis de energia utilizados nesta pesquisa.

The objective of this study was to evaluate productive performance and egg quality of Japanese quails (Cortunix japonica) fed with synthetic and natural pigments. The treatments used were: 0.8% paprika extract (Capsicum annuum), 0.8% marigold flower extract, 4% paprika extract and 4% marigold flower extract and 0.045% synthetic pigment (Canthaxanthin) in feed. A total of 240 Japanese quails at 20 weeks of age were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with five treatments and six replicates, with eight quails per experimental unit (30 experimental units). There was no difference (p > 0.05) for the evaluated parameters, except for yolk color which showed significant difference (p < 0.05) between the treatments used. The inclusion of 0.8% natural pigments in diet of Japanese quails can be used to substitute canthaxathin because it is effective on improving yolk color without affect performance and the quails egg quality.

The objective was to evaluate sowing density influence on hydroponic corn fodder bromatological composition, harvested in different ages raised on grass mix substrate. The experimental design used was completely randomized with six replications for each treatment, using 2.0 m² plots (1.0 x 2.0 m). The densities were distributed into factorial array (4x4), consisting in four sowing densities (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 kg m-²) and four cutting ages (10, 15, 20 and 25 days). The dry matter content (DMC) and production (DMP) and crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), Fiber neutral detergent (FND) and ethereal extract (EE) were analyzed each cutting age. In terms of DMP (kg m-²), EE (%) and DMC (kg m-²), it is recommended to use the density 1.0 kg m-² with cutting age of 25 days. Regarding CP (%) the best result was at 15 days of cut and density 2.5 kg m-² and the values for FND (%) and ADF (%) were higher at 25 days at 2.0 kg density 2,0 kg m-². The choice of both best harvesting age and density will depend on what is desired of the nutritional forage (CP, EE, NDF, ADF, DMC and DMP) as well its destination, since very close values were found in all analyzes, regardless of density and age of harvest analyzed.

O artigo proposto apresenta a história da construção dos mercados de qualidade do cacau no Brasil (superior, fino, orgânico e sustentável) entre os anos de 1942 a 2012 com o objetivo de identificar quem são os atores, as organizações e as práticas presentes no processo histórico de construção dos mercados. A metodologia utilizada teve como base as pesquisas bibliográfica e documental que foi realizada no período de 2011 a 2013. Os resultados apontaram a necessidade da profissionalização, do estabelecimento de redes de cooperação entre os atores da cadeia produtiva do cacau no Brasil e a demanda por políticas, programas e projetos governamentais e não governamentais para subsidiar o alcance das condições para o acesso dos produtores aos mercados de qualidade das amêndoas do cacau.

SUMMARY The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of male colonial chickens fed diet supplemented with commercial probiotic (Calsporin ®). A total of 210 male chicks Label Rouge lineage were used and they were raised in experimental shed up to 30 days old. These birds had free access to the pickets of Tifton-85, from 31-90 days of age. The experimental design was completely randomized, two treatments, one containing feed supplemented with probiotic Bacillus subtillis (300 g t-1 Bacillus subtillis 1×109 UFCg-1) and another one without it, with ten replications per treatment, consisting of 21 chickens/replication. The mean of body weight (BW), weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion (FC), mortality and viability were evaluated. The data were submitted to variance analysis and the averages of the treatments were compared by the F-test at 5% of significance. The addition of probiotic (300 g t-1 Bacillus subtillis 1×109 UFCg-1) in the diet of Label Rouge broilers did not interfere in the MW, WG, and FC variables in the total period from 1 to 90 days (P>0.05); the MFI variable differed (P <0.05), with higher consumption in chickens receiving the diet with the probiotic. The inclusion of probiotic in the wild-type chicken ration did not improve the productive performance of poultries possibly due to a low challenge by pathogenic microorganisms in the environments in which they were raised.