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Introduction: Corneal buttons removed during penetrating keratoplasties (PK) from recipients' which were routinely discarded were studied with aim to analyze the common indications of PK and changing pattern of corneal diseases in developing countries like India. Materials and Methods: This is an observational case series carried out in tertiary care hospital of central India from October 2012 to October 2014. Histopathology of 156 corneal tissues was done of which 75 were recipients' corneal tissues removed during PK and 81 were residual adjacent donors' corneal tissues left out after corneal button was removed for transplant. Results: The most common indication of PK in our study was corneal ulcer (n=37, 49.33%), followed by infectious keratitis (n=22, 29.33%) which included ulcers in various stages of healing and complications associated with ulcer like adherent leucoma. Amongst infectious keratitis, 17 were (77.27%) of bacterial keratitis and 5 (22.73%) of fungal keratitis. Followed by bullous keratopathy 8(10.66%), 3(4%) of graft rejection and one each (1.33%) of Fuchs' dystrophy and chronic actinic keratopathy. Of 81 donor's corneal tissues, 75 were the residual corneal tissues from corneo-conjunctival junction which were transplanted within stipulated time. Only one case showed changes of chronic actinic keratopathy, rest showed normal histology. 6 corneas which were not transplanted within stipulated time showed epithelial denudation and stromal degeneration with loss of keratocytes. Conclusion: Histopathology gives additional insight to clinical diagnosis. Specific diagnosis can be commented in corneal opacities and infectious keratitis.

As a diagnostic tool, intraoperative cytology offers simplicity, speed, accuracy, excellent cellular detail and thus several advantages over conventional frozen section techniques1−3. Unfortunately, it is not being used to its fullest extent. In a recent study2, only 13 per cent of the surgeons who responded to a questionnaire used intraoperative cytology more than 5 per cent of the time. The authors' experience with intraoperative fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of abdominal lesions is presented.

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Introduction: Ophthalmic pathology including orbital, intraocular, and periorbital is unique. Wide spectrum of infections and neoplasia; benign as well as malignant are seen in this area. Many neoplastic conditions mimic non-neoplastic inflammatory conditions and needs differentiation before definitive therapy. Cytology is a simple, safe and fairly accurate technique for differentiating inflammatory from neoplastic and benign from malignant conditions thus avoiding more invasive surgical biopsies in these delicate areas. Present study was aimed to evaluate the role of fine needle aspiration as a tool in diagnosis of intra orbital and peri ocular adnexal lesions. Material and Method: FNAC was performed in a series of 20 patients presenting with intra orbital and peri ocular adnexal masses after clinical and radiological evaluation. Smears were analysed by a cytologist and histopathological confirmation was done as indicated. Results :The age ranged from 19 to 70 years. Male: Female ratio was 11:9. Of 20 cases, 03; 04; 03; 10 were infective, benign cystic lesions, benign neoplastic and malignant respectively. Of malignancies 02; 03; 02; 01; 01; 01 were of basal cell carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, micro cystic adnexal carcinoma and diffuse large B cell lymphoma respectively. Confirmation was done in 16 /20 cases. Concordance rate of FNAC with histologic diagnosis was 100% in broadly classifying them into infective, benign cystic, benign neoplastic and malignant neoplastic pathology. However, histopathology and Flow cytometry was helpful in subclassifying them in select cases.

Introduction:A focal mass or a nodule in the liver has become easily accessible to the needle of a pathologist, courtesy the rising numbers of guided FNAC. Precise localisation of lesions helps in studying the cytological features in greater detail, of the area in question. A targeted needle aspiration achieves high rates of sensitivity and specificity with regard to the varied spectrum of the pathologies encountered in liver especially when correlated with serological tests. Thus present study was carried out with aim to assess the role of guided FNAC in the diagnosis of nodular lesions of liver and to study their cytomorphology. Materials and Methods: It is an observational, prospective study of 130 adequate aspirates from liver nodules done at tertiary care hospital over two year period. All patients presenting with nodular liver mass detected on imaging techniques were selected for FNAC under USG or CT guidance. Another pass was taken from the surrounding liver to ascertain the presence of parenchymal changes like fatty change, cirrhosis and dysplasia. Results: Adequate aspirates from 130 cases were studied. Lesions were categorised into non neoplastic (11) and neoplastic which were further classified benign (1), primary malignancies (31HCC, 4 cholangiocarcinoma) metastasis ( 72) and undifferentiated malignancies (11) respectively on cytology. Conclusion: Guided FNAC of the liver is a rapid simple and precise method of identifying the pathology in liver nodules. It can be a useful modality to triage the patients and decide further line of management.