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Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is an unusual tumor that predominantly affects long bones of young adults. We present two cases of CMF that were diagnosed on cytology. The specific cytological features included varying combinations of chondroid, myxoid and fibroid elements. These features when correlated with clinico-radiological findings helped to arrive at a correct diagnosis. Thus a definitive diagnosis of CMF can be made on cytology based on which further line of treatment can be planned.

Pulmonary hydatid cyst with co-existing aspergillosis is rare. Till date, there are only two documented reports of this double pathology being diagnosed on cytology. The present case is of a young immunocompetent female who presented with respiratory complaints including intermittent hemoptysis. Chest X-ray and CT thorax revealed two well-defined lesions in the lower lobe of left lung that was suggestive of either infective or benign neoplastic etiology. But as hydatid cyst was not suspected either clinically or radiologically, FNA was performed. Based on the typical cytomorphological features a definitive diagnosis of hydatid cyst with aspergillosis was offered on cytology that was later confirmed on histopathology. To the best of our knowledge this is only the third report of pulmonary echinococcosis with aspergillus co-infection being diagnosed on cytology. The purpose of reporting this case is to draw attention to the rare possibility of co-existing aspergillus infection in pulmonary echinococcosis even in immunocompetent individuals, which can complicate the clinico-radiological picture. However, both pathologies can be effectively and accurately diagnosed on cytology, based on which proper treatment can be initiated. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:696-699. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Exploration of human body cavities was a mystery and it has constantly attracted mankind since ages. Since early 1980, the hysteroscopic research to search and treat the uterine cavity has started in real sense. The renaissance to hysteroscopy in all directions has opened up new challenges and revolutionised this field. And hysteroscopy has become the gold standard in the evaluation of uterine cavity and cervical canal.The uterus and endometrium are dynamic entities markedly changing from birth to puberty to menopause. At birth the uterus is small, measuring only one half the size of the cervix with the entire cervix and uterus being only 3-4 cm in length (Fig. 8.1).At menarche, the uterus and cervix respond to increase in circulating oestrogen. At age 13, the cervix and uterus each measure same in length. As the adulthood is reached, the uterine/cervical ratio approaches 2:1.

Introduction: Ophthalmic pathology including orbital, intraocular, and periorbital is unique. Wide spectrum of infections and neoplasia; benign as well as malignant are seen in this area. Many neoplastic conditions mimic non-neoplastic inflammatory conditions and needs differentiation before definitive therapy. Cytology is a simple, safe and fairly accurate technique for differentiating inflammatory from neoplastic and benign from malignant conditions thus avoiding more invasive surgical biopsies in these delicate areas. Present study was aimed to evaluate the role of fine needle aspiration as a tool in diagnosis of intra orbital and peri ocular adnexal lesions. Material and Method: FNAC was performed in a series of 20 patients presenting with intra orbital and peri ocular adnexal masses after clinical and radiological evaluation. Smears were analysed by a cytologist and histopathological confirmation was done as indicated. Results :The age ranged from 19 to 70 years. Male: Female ratio was 11:9. Of 20 cases, 03; 04; 03; 10 were infective, benign cystic lesions, benign neoplastic and malignant respectively. Of malignancies 02; 03; 02; 01; 01; 01 were of basal cell carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, micro cystic adnexal carcinoma and diffuse large B cell lymphoma respectively. Confirmation was done in 16 /20 cases. Concordance rate of FNAC with histologic diagnosis was 100% in broadly classifying them into infective, benign cystic, benign neoplastic and malignant neoplastic pathology. However, histopathology and Flow cytometry was helpful in subclassifying them in select cases.

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