RESUMOObjetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de doses de gesso e de biofertilizante nos atributos químicos de um solo salino-sódico e no crescimento inicial de plantas de girassol. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação do Centro de Ciências Humanas e Agrárias da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (CCHA-UEPB), Campus IV Catolé do Rocha-PB. Os tratamentos compreenderam um esquema fatorial 4x2 com quatro doses de gesso agrícola (25; 50; 75; 100% da necessidade de gesso -NG) na ausência e na presença de biofertilizante bovino (0 e 10% v/v), com três repetições. Após a aplicação dos tratamentos, incubação do solo e posterior lavagem, cultivaram-se plantas de girassol cultivar CF/01 ADVANTA durante 30 dias. A aplicação do gesso reduziu a salinidade e a sodicidade do solo, sendo que a dose de 100% da NG proporcionou as maiores reduções obtendo valores de RAS e PST mantendo-os inferiores a 12 (mmolc L -1 ) -0,5 e 15%, respectivamente. O melhor desenvolvimento das plantas de girassol ocorreu no solo com a presença de biofertilizante. A associação gesso e biofertilizante favoreceu a correção do solo salino-sódicos e cultivo do girassol. Palavras-chave: salinidade; sodicidade; Helianthusannuus L.; matéria orgânica SÁ, F.V.S.; MESQUITA, E.F.; BERTINO, A.M.P.; COSTA, J.D.; ARAÚJO, J.L. INFLUENCE OF PLASTER AND BIOFERTILIZER ON CHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES OF A SALINE SODIC SOIL AND ON INITIAL GROWTH OF SUNFLOWER ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of plaster and biofertilizer levels on the chemical attributes of a saline sodic soil and on initial growth of sunflower. The experiment Sá, et. al 47 Irriga, Botucatu, v. 20, n. 1, p. 46-59, janeiro-março, 2015was conducted in a greenhouse of the Center of Humanities and Agricultural Sciences, Paraíba State University (CCHA-UEPB), Campus IV Catolé Rocha-PB, Brazil. Treatments were applied using a 4 x 2 factorial design with four levels of gypsum (25; 50; 75; 100% of the plaster need) in the absence and presence of bovine biofertilizer (0 and 10% v/v) and three replicates. After treatment application, soil incubation and subsequent washing, the sunflower plants cv CF/01 ADVANTA were grown for 30 days. Gypsum application reduced soil salinity and sodicity. Plaster need of 100% led to the greatest reductions in sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), with values lower than 12 (mmolc L -1 ) -0.5 and 15%, respectively. Optimal sunflower plant development was observed in the presence of soil biofertilizer. The gypsum and biofertilizer association favored the correction of saline sodic soil and cultivation of sunflower plants.
This work aimed to study the effect of chemical and organic conditioners on the chemical attributes of a saline-sodic soil and on the initial growth of two castor bean cultivars. Two experiments were performed in the green house of the Center of Human and Agrarian Sciences of the Paraíba State University (CCHA-UEPB), Campus IV, Catolé do Rocha-PB. In the first experiment, an entirely randomized experimental design with five treatments [(saline -sodic soil without conditioners (SSC), saline -sodic soil + biofertilizer at 10% of the soil volume (SS + B), saline -sodic soil + chalk at 100% of the chalk requirement (SS + C), saline -sodic soil + chalk + biofertilizer (SS + C + B), and non-saline soil (NSL)] and eight replicates was adopted. In the second randomized experiment the treatments were displayed in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, referring to the five corrective treatments used in the first experiment and the two castor bean plant cultivars (BRS Nordestina and BRS Paraguaçu), with four replicates. The application of chalk combined with biofertilizer promoted a better initial development of the castor bean plant in comparison with other recovering treatments. This indicates the corrective effect of chalk on sodicity and of both treatments on the nutrient availability for the plants. The bovine biofertilizer alone did not reduce the sodicity of the sodic -saline soil. Under the evaluated conditions, the BRS Nordestina surpassed the BRS Paraguaçu. Key words: Ricinus communis L., salinity, sodicity, soil correction ResumoO objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a aplicação de condicionadores de natureza química e orgânica nos atributos químicos de um solo salino-sódico e no crescimento inicial de duas cultivares de mamoneira. (Solo salino -sódico sem corretivo (SSC), Solo salino -sódico + biofertilizante à 10% do volume do solo (SS + B), Solo salino -sódico + gesso à 100% da necessidade de gesso (SS + G), Solo salino -sódico + gesso + biofertilizante (SS + G + B) e solo não salino (SNS)) com 8 repetições e, no segundo experimento, também conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, referente aos cinco tratamentos de correção obtidos no primeiro experimento e duas cultivares de mamoneira (BRS Nordestina e BRS Paraguaçu), com quatro repetições. A Aplicação de gesso associado ao biofertilizante promoveu o maior desenvolvimento inicial das plantas de mamoneira quando comparado aos demais tratamentos de recuperação e indica ação positiva do gesso como corretivo da sodicidade e de ambos no aumento da disponibilidade de nutrientes às plantas. O biofertilizante bovino isolado não reduz a sodicidade do solo salino -sódico. Nas condições estudadas, a cultivar BRS Nordestina superou a BRS Paraguaçu.
Guava is a perennial fruit, highly preferred by the Brazilian consumer and in increasing commercial exploitation in almost all the national territory. The most required nutrients are nitrogen, followed by potassium and calcium with great participation in the growth and physiology of guava. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of potassium doses in the soil without and with calcium in the physiology of Paluma guava plants. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement, with K 2 O of 0, 45, 90, 135 and 180 g plant-1 year-1 , without and with 120 g plant-1 year-1 calcium from calcium nitrate. The variables analyzed were chlorophyll indices (a, b and total), chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange. The results were submitted to analysis of variance by the "F" test and the potassium doses were submitted to regression analysis, using SAS © software version 9.3. Guava plants fertilized with only potassium in the soil had higher photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. The addition of calcium and potassium to the soil increased chlorophyll a, b, total, variable fluorescence, maximum fluorescence, quantum efficiency, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and internal carbon concentration in guava.
RESUMO A goiabeira é uma frutífera cultivada mundialmente, destacando-se pela grande aceitação no mercado consumidor. Entretanto, para que a cultura explore o seu máximo potencial produtivo e mantenha a qualidade dos frutos, é necessária a adequada adubação mineral para elevar a disponibilidade de nutrientes no solo e aumentar sua absorção pelas plantas. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar os efeitos da adubação com doses de potássio, na presença e na ausência de cálcio, no estado nutricional e na produção da goiabeira 'Paluma'. O experimento foi desenvolvido de agosto de 2015 a maio de 2016, no município de Remígio, Paraíba. As variáveis analisadas foram: teores foliares de macro e de micronutrientes, número de frutos por planta, massa média de frutos, produção de frutos por planta e produtividade. As plantas da goiabeira estavam adequadamente supridas em nitrogênio, fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio, boro, ferro, manganês e deficientes em enxofre, cobre e zinco. A adubação com cálcio incrementou os teores foliares de P, K, Ca, S, B, Mn e Zn e reduziu o número de frutos por planta e a produtividade da goiabeira 'Paluma'. A adubação potássica sem adição de cálcio, nas doses entre 101 e 143 g planta-1 ano-1 de K2O, aos 16 meses de idade, proporcionou a maior produtividade da goiabeira 'Paluma'.
The objective was to evaluate leaf area and gas exchange of okra plants for different irrigation depths, organic matter content and mulch. The activities were conducted in an experimental area of the State University of Paraíba, Campus IV, Catolé do Rocha-PB. An experimental design with randomized blocks, treatments distributed in a factorial 2 × 5 × 2 related to two irrigation levels, 100 and 50% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), five levels of organic matter in the soil (1.8, 2.8, 3.8, 4.8 and 5.8%) and soil with and without mulch, totaling 20 treatments replicated in four blocks, was used. The experimental unit consisted of 27 plants. The increase of soil organic matter stimulated growth in leaf area and the gas exchange of okra plants. The irrigation with the smallest depth of water inhibited the expansion of leaf area, but provided a greater efficiency in okra's gas exchange. Mulch alleviated the reduced effects of irrigation water depth and stimulated the activity of okra gas exchanges.
Inoculante Vigna unguiculata Fixação biológica KEYWORDS Inoculant Vigna unguiculata Biological fixation RESUMO: O feijão-caupi é uma das leguminosas mais cultivadas e consumidas no Brasil, com destaque na região Nordeste pelas condições edafoclimáticas favoráveis à cultura, entretanto é uma cultura muito exigente em nitrogênio. O objetivo foi avaliar a produtividade de quatro cultivares de feijão-caupi (Vigna unguiculata) sob os efeitos da inoculação de suas sementes com estirpes de rizóbios. O experimento foi conduzido no Centro de Ciências Humanas, Sociais e Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, no período de abril a julho de 2013. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com fatorial 4 × 2, quatro cultivares de feijão (preto, sempre verde, cariri e quebra cadeira) e dois tratamentos com e sem inoculação das sementes com as estirpes SEMIA 6462). Avaliaram-se o número de nódulos, número de vagens por planta, comprimento de vagens, número de grãos por vagens, massa de 100 grãos e produtividade em grãos. A cultivar de feijão Preto produz vagens e quantidade de grãos menores, devido à competição na planta pela maior emissão de vagens. Essa cultivar é mais receptiva à aplicação de inoculantes nas sementes e rende mais em massa de grãos e produtividade. A aplicação de inoculante nas sementes de feijão-caupi perde muito em eficiência, possivelmente pela competição com as bactérias nativas do solo que também fixam nitrogênio do ar e se associam a plantas de leguminosas, não sendo viável a inoculação de sementes de feijão-caupi nas circunstâncias do referido estudo.
Soil fertility gradually declines over time and under continuous cultivation. It negatively reflects on the yield and quality of crop production, including guava, which is a perennial fruit of high economic potential. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of potassium doses with and without the application of calcium in soil cultivated with guava "Paluma." The experimental design was a randomized block with factorial arrangement of 2 × 5, relative to the soil with and without 120 g plant-1 year-1 calcium (using calcium nitrate) and five doses of K 2 O from 0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 g plant-1 year-1 in the form of potassium chloride. The variables analyzed in soil were potential hydrogen, organic matter, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, sum of bases, hydrogen plus aluminum, aluminum, cation exchange capacity, and soil base saturation. The soil fertility was higher in the treatments with potassium (K) fertilizer which has recommended doses between 90 and 135 g plant-1 year-1 without application of calcium in the soil.
Collard is a vegetable widely consumed in Brazil. However, the quality and production of this vegetable depend on the supply and quality of water. Water stress and saline stress can make it impossible to grow. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of morphophysiological characteristics of collard cv. Georgia under irrigation levels and saline indices after the first defoliation.The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, under random blocks design, and the treatments consisted of combinations of five water electrical conductivities (CEi in dS m-1: C1 =0.80; C2 =1.30; C3 = 1.80; C4 = 2.30; C5 = 2.80) and four irrigation levels based on the vase capacity (PwC: L1 = 55%; L2 = 70%; L3 = 85%; L4 = 100%), with four replications. Plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves were directly affected by combinations of high salinity levels in irrigation water. On the other hand, the green color index had a higher negative effect caused by the treatments in the first evaluation. For fresh and dry matter weight, and leaf area, T16 treatment (Conductivity 2,30 dSm-1 + irrigation level 100% vase water capacity) presented the best result (206.67 g; 25.46 g; 3044 cm2, respectively), while for water use efficiency, T3 treatment (Conductivity 0,80 dSm-1 + irrigation level 85% vase water capacity) (22.95 g L-1) gave better results. The water electrical conductivities linked to irrigation levels had a direct effect on the morphophysiological characteristics of collard.
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