Abstract-This paper is devoted on the characterization method of RF/digital PCB interconnections for the prediction of the highspeed signal transient responses. The introduced method is based on the use of the interconnection line RLCG-model. Theoretical formulae enabling the extraction of the electrical per-unit length parameters R, L, C and G in function of the interconnection line physical characteristics (width, length, metal conductivity, dielectric permittivity . . . ) are established. Then, by considering the second order approximation of the interconnection RLCG-model transfer matrix, the calculation process of the transient responses from the interconnection system transfer function is originally established. To demonstrate the relevance of the proposed model, microwavedigital interconnection structure comprised of millimetre microstrip line driven and loaded by logic gates which are respectively modelled by their input and output impedances was considered. Then, comparisons between the SPICE-computation results and those obtained from the proposed analytical model implemented in Matlab were made. As results, by considering a periodical square microwave-digital excitation signal with 2 Gbits/s rate, transient responses which are very wellcorrelated to the SPICE-results and showing the degradation of the tested signal fidelity are observed. The numerical computations confirm that the proposed modelling method enables also to evaluate accurately the transient signal parameters as the rise-/fall-times and the 50% propagation delay in very less computation time. For this reason, this analytical-numerical modelling method is potentially interesting for the analysis of the signal integrity which propagates
Maintenance of offshore wind turbines is a complex and costly undertaking which acts as a barrier to the development of this source of energy. Factors such as the size of the turbines, the size of the wind farms, their distance from the coast, meteorological conditions, etc. make it difficult for the stakeholders to select the optimal maintenance strategy. With the objective of reducing costs and duration of such operations it is important that new maintenance techniques are investigated. In this paper we propose a hybrid model of maintenance that is based on multi-agent systems, which allows for the modelling of systems with dynamic interactions between multiple parts. A multi-criteria decision algorithm has been developed to allow analysis and selection of different maintenance strategies. A cost model that includes maintenance action cost, energy loss and installation of monitoring system cost has been presented. For the purposes of this research we have developed a simulator using NetLogo software and have provided experimental results. The results show that employing the proposed hybrid maintenance strategy could increase wind farm productivity and reduce maintenance cost.
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