A transmission expansion project, Competitive Renewable Energy Zone (CREZ), in the ERCOT region will be implemented to deliver wind generation from wind resource areas to load centers. Several extra high voltage transmission lines will be equipped with series capacitors to increase the transfer capability. A SubSynchronous resonance (SSR) phenomenon that can be induced by having a conventional generator radially connected to the series compensated line has been well studied and documented. However, a similar phenomenon, Sub-Synchronous Control Interaction (SSCI) can also be induced between a wind generation resource and series compensated lines. It is important to identify proposed points of interconnection at risk of sub-synchronous control interaction. Identifying and sharing this information can prevent damage to transmission and generation equipment. ERCOT anticipates that control settings can be adjusted to mitigate or avoid SSCI or alternate turbine designs selected for a particular location.
Citrus fruits represent the third major fruit in India, next to Mango and Banana. Citrus fruits comprise about 10% of total fruits produced in India (4.57 million tones out of 44.04 million tones) (1). It occupies about thirteen percent of total area under fruit cultivation (0.48 million hectare out of 3.72 million hectare). India produces about five million tones of Citrus fruit cultivated over 0.5 million-hectare area. The production of Citrus fruit in India is about seventy four percent of the world citrus fruit production. India has a huge potential of producing Citrus peel oil i.e. about 2700 metric tones per annum (based on 0.6% recovery of oil from whole fruit), while very small amount (2-3 tones) is being produced presently.Genus Citrus comprises sixteen species and eight varieties. Among these Citrus reticulata (Mandarin) is the most important commercial crop which occupies about 39% of the area under cultivation of Citrus fruit. Citrus flavours are among the most popular fruit flavours for beverages. Citrus fruit comprised of about 25-30% peel. The peel consists of two parts inner part i.e. albedo which is white in colour and outer part i.e. flevedo which is green in colour. Peel oil is confined in oblate to spherical shaped oil glands which is known as oil sacs. The oil sacs are intercellular cavities embedded irregularly at different depth in the flavedo beneath 355 JOS
In this paper, we propose and investigate a dielectric modulated (DM) GaAs 1−x Sb x FinFET as a label-free biosensor. Raised source drain (RSD) architecture is employed in the proposed structure, resulting in a large surface to volume ratio, which provides more living space to the biomolecules. GaAs 1−x Sb x is used as a channel material, which bestows higher carrier mobility and consequently offers better sensitivity than previously reported FET-based biosensors. In our proposed RSD GaAs 1−x Sb x FinFET, we have embedded a nanogap (∼5.5 nm thickness) cavity between the gate and the channel region at which biomolecules can reside in a dry environment. The presence of biomolecules (charged or neutral) in the embedded nanogap cavity of a DM biosensor could be identified by the change in various electrical parameters such as ON-OFF current ratio (CR), threshold voltage (V th ), transconductance, and intrinsic gain, etc, with the change in dielectric constant (K) of the cavity region. We found the maximum sensitivity corresponding to K = 12 is 48.91% and 26.31% for CR and V th , respectively. The governing physics to observe the substantial changes due to the velocity overshoot, capacitive coupling, and DIBL is thoroughly explained. The analysis of how one cavity of the proposed biosensor works at a time is also investigated. In our work, we have also identified the impact of biomolecules which carry charges by including trap models in numerical TCAD simulations.
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