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In present study, tumor size and tumor grade are independent factors that predict FDG-PET results. Smaller tumors (< or =10 mm) and low-grade tumors are strong predictor of FN FDG-PET results.

BackgroundData on eye diseases among school children is not readily available. Considering the fact that one-third of India's blind lose their eyesight before the age of 20 years and many of them are under five when they become blind, early detection and treatment of ocular morbidity among children is important.AimTo estimate the prevalence of ocular morbidity among school children of age 6-16 years.SettingsGovernment and private coeducational schools in urban area of Shimla.DesignCross-sectionalMaterials and MethodsGovernment and private coeducational schools selected by stratified random sampling. About 1561 school children, studying in elementary through secondary class in these schools were examined from August 2001 to January 2002 in Shimla. A doctor did visual acuity and detailed ophthalmic examination.Statistical analysisThe Chi-square test was used to test differences in proportions. Differences were considered to be statistically significant at the 5% level.ResultsPrevalence of ocular morbidity was 31.6% (CI=29.9-32.1%), refractive errors 22% (CI=21.1-22.8%), squint 2.5% (CI=2.4-2.6%), color blindness 2.3% (CI=2.2-2.4%), vitamin A deficiency 1.8 % (CI=1.7-1.9%), conjunctivitis 0.8% (CI=0.79-0.81%). Overall prevalence of ocular morbidity in government and private schools did not show any statistical significant difference. Prevalence of conjunctivitis was significantly (P<0.5) more in government schools.ConclusionA high prevalence of ocular morbidity among high-school children was observed. Refractive errors were the most common ocular disorders.

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Running title: CT-based subtypes of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Keywords Statement of translational relevanceThere are currently limited methods to stratify patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) into prognostic groups based on disease biology. We focused on the morphological features of the disease on computed tomography (CT) scans and correlated these features with genomic, pathological, and clinical data. We found that tumors with a distinct interface in relation to the surrounding parenchyma (called high delta tumors) had more aggressive biological features than tumors without a distinct interface (called low delta tumors). Patients with high delta tumors were more likely to develop early distant metastasis and die faster than those with low delta tumors. Mathematical modeling suggested that stromal elements strongly influenced the morphological patterns seen on CT scans. These findings indicate that a universally available diagnostic test can be used to interrogate the biology of this deadly disease, providing a means to stratify patients at diagnosis and aiding the design of future clinical trials.

The HRI is an effective tool for detecting hepatic steatosis. It provides similar accuracy for different methods of ROI placement (except for random placement) and has good interobserver agreement. It, however, is unable to effectively differentiate between absent and mild steatosis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:580-586, 2016.

IntroductionEach SAARC nation falls in the zone of high incidence of pneumococcal disease but there is a paucity of literature estimating the burden of pneumococcal disease in this region.ObjectiveTo identify the prevalent serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease in children of SAARC countries, to determine the coverage of these serotypes by the available vaccines, and to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of Streptococcus pneumoniae.MethodsWe searched major electronic databases using a comprehensive search strategy, and additionally searched the bibliography of the included studies and retrieved articles till July 2014. Both community and hospital based observational studies which included children aged ≤12 years as/or part of the studied population in SAARC countries were included.ResultsA total of 17 studies were included in the final analysis. The period of surveillance varied from 12–96 months (median, 24 months). The most common serotypes country-wise were as follows: serotype 1 in Nepal; serotype 14 in Bangladesh and India; serotype 19F in Sri Lanka and Pakistan. PCV-10 was found to be suitable for countries like India, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka, whereas PCV-13 may be more suitable for Pakistan. An increasing trend of non-susceptibility to antibiotics was noted for co-trimoxazole, erythromycin and chloramphenicol, whereas an increasing trend of susceptibility was noted for penicillin.ConclusionDue to paucity of recent data in majority of the SAARC countries, urgent large size prospective studies are needed to formulate recommendations for specific pneumococcal vaccine introduction and usage of antimicrobial agents in these regions.

Children with asthma show elevated serum levels of TSLP, which correlated negatively with asthma control test and Treg cells. TSLP may be used as a biomarker for inflammation in pediatric asthma patients.