Acute gastroenteritis continues to be a major public health problem worldwide. A wide variety of viruses associated with diarrhea disease is being reported continually. This study investigated the epidemiological situation of viruses that cause diarrhea in Japanese pediatric patients. This study enrolled a total of 2,381 fecal specimens collected between 2009 and 2013 from Japanese children with acute gastroenteritis. There is currently a 70.4% prevalence of viruses causing diarrhea among these Japanese pediatric outpatients. Norovirus was detected in 39.3% of the patients, whereas the prevalence of rotavirus, human parechovirus, enterovirus, adenovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus, and Aichi virus was 20.1, 6.6, 6.1, 5.6, 4.8, 2.3, and 0.1%, respectively. Co-infections were observed at the prevalence rates of 13.4 and 0.5% for double infections and triple infections, respectively. Mixed viral infections were found commonly in Japanese outpatients, and the norovirus seemed to play a major role in co-infections. Viral diarrhea cases were detected mostly in children younger than 3 years of age. The norovirus and rotavirus can be detected throughout the year, with a peak during the cold and dry seasons, whereas other common viruses are found during no specific season. Surveillance data revealed that a wide variety of viruses has caused diarrhea to circulate currently in Japanese pediatric outpatients, with very high detection rates; and norovirus and rotavirus are the most important pathogens. The data obtained from this study are valuable for compiling the overall picture of several viruses that causes diarrhea and associates with acute gastroenteritis in the Japanese pediatric population.

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Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is still a public health problem in Indonesia, specifically in the islands. Data shows that this disease is most prominent in the Sitaro Islands Regency. Risk factors known are environmental factors, individual factors, and behavioral factors. The aim of this study was to determine the level of public knowledge about Clean and Healthy Behavior (CHB) also to increase and develop awareness about prevention of ARI through CHB counseling in South Tagulandang District. The study design was quasi experimental research and conducted in 6 villages located in the South Tagulandang District. The number of samples are 106 respondents with proportional random sampling. This study used pre-test and post-test questionnaires to measure the level of knowledge before and after counseling. Data were analyzed with univariate and bivariate analysis (paired t-test). Results showed that before counseling, most respondents were at the "poor" level amounted to 67 people (63.2%) and after counseling, as many as 84 respondents (79.2%) were at "good" level of knowledge. The paired t-test results found p value of 0.000 with a moderate correlation (r = 0.561), so there were significant differences before and after counseling in the community of South Tagulandang District. We recommend the District Health Office and local health centers should be more active in organizing Health Promotion Program, especially the Clean and Healthy Behavior and provide more media of health promotion for the community.

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Background: One of the important keys in dealing with COVID-19 is vaccination which can provide immunity to the community. The availability of an effective and safe vaccine certainly does not fully guarantee that the vaccination program will run well and give maximum results. In addition to vaccine distribution management which is quite complicated and must be done very carefully, the community's acceptability factor must be handled properly and carefully. The achievement of COVID-19 vaccination based on PCare Data from Wori health center and Tinongko health center as of January 8, 2022 was 61%. This illustrates that there are still many people who have not been vaccinated. The purpose of the study was to analyze the community's acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccination program in Wori District. Methods: The type of research to be carried out is quantitative research with an analytical observational design using a cross-sectional study approach. The research location is in 13 villages in Wori District. The research population is people who are in the administrative area of Wori District. Sampling was done by cluster sampling method using sample calculations obtained 376 respondents. Results: The results showed that there was a significant association between education level, employment status, and knowledge with community acceptability to COVID-19 vaccination. Conclusions: It is necessary to find an effective way to reach people with the most limited access to information in order to increase public acceptance of the vaccination program.

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Background and Aim: Minahasa Regency is one of the regions in Indonesia where rabies is endemic. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the implementation and the challenges of the One Health approach in the rabies control program in Minahasa Regency. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was carried out using semi-structured interviews involving 8 respondents who were stakeholders from five related sectors. A triangulation of source and method was conducted. Results: The results showed that the collaboration between stakeholders had been limited due to a lack of control and evaluation of the One Health approach. Furthermore, the program faced challenges and there was a lack of advocacy for the local government and stakeholders to build multisectoral collaboration. Conclusion: To successfully implement the One Health approach in rabies control program in Minahasa, stakeholders from human, animal and ecological settings need to have a better understanding and support the idea. Regular communication between stakeholders is also needed to develop interdisciplinary actions to combat rabies. Keywords: control, Minahasa Regency, One Health approach, rabies.

Background:The incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) has grown dramatically around the world in recent decades. Surveillance is essential to dengue management, because it identifies the number and distribution of cases, virus serotypes, and severity of disease in a population. Geographic information system (GIS) allows further investigation of surveillance data through spatial statistical analyses and visualization of patterns and relationships between disease and the environment. This study aimed to investigate the use of GIS for DHF fever outbreak mapping in North Sulawesi. Subjects and Method: This was a descriptive study conducted in three regions in North Sulawesi province, from January to February 2019. All villages and subdistricts in the regions were selected for this study. The dependent variable was mapping of DHF outbreaks. The independent variable was use of the GIS. The data was obtained from North Sulawesi Health Office. The data was analyzed accordingly using Arcview software. Results: The GIS showed that there were 13 villages in Manado, 7 villages in South Minahasa, and 7 villages in Southeast Minahasa with DHF cases. The highest case were in Paniki Bawah Village 28 cases, Rumoong Bawah Village 7 cases, and North Molompar 3 cases. Conclusion:The GIS can be used to map the distribution of DHF cases, and to detect outbreaks. Future prevention and management programs related to DHF should be further implemented more consistently to reduce the incidence of DHF.