Acute gastroenteritis continues to be a major public health problem worldwide. A wide variety of viruses associated with diarrhea disease is being reported continually. This study investigated the epidemiological situation of viruses that cause diarrhea in Japanese pediatric patients. This study enrolled a total of 2,381 fecal specimens collected between 2009 and 2013 from Japanese children with acute gastroenteritis. There is currently a 70.4% prevalence of viruses causing diarrhea among these Japanese pediatric outpatients. Norovirus was detected in 39.3% of the patients, whereas the prevalence of rotavirus, human parechovirus, enterovirus, adenovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus, and Aichi virus was 20.1, 6.6, 6.1, 5.6, 4.8, 2.3, and 0.1%, respectively. Co-infections were observed at the prevalence rates of 13.4 and 0.5% for double infections and triple infections, respectively. Mixed viral infections were found commonly in Japanese outpatients, and the norovirus seemed to play a major role in co-infections. Viral diarrhea cases were detected mostly in children younger than 3 years of age. The norovirus and rotavirus can be detected throughout the year, with a peak during the cold and dry seasons, whereas other common viruses are found during no specific season. Surveillance data revealed that a wide variety of viruses has caused diarrhea to circulate currently in Japanese pediatric outpatients, with very high detection rates; and norovirus and rotavirus are the most important pathogens. The data obtained from this study are valuable for compiling the overall picture of several viruses that causes diarrhea and associates with acute gastroenteritis in the Japanese pediatric population.

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Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is still a public health problem in Indonesia, specifically in the islands. Data shows that this disease is most prominent in the Sitaro Islands Regency. Risk factors known are environmental factors, individual factors, and behavioral factors. The aim of this study was to determine the level of public knowledge about Clean and Healthy Behavior (CHB) also to increase and develop awareness about prevention of ARI through CHB counseling in South Tagulandang District. The study design was quasi experimental research and conducted in 6 villages located in the South Tagulandang District. The number of samples are 106 respondents with proportional random sampling. This study used pre-test and post-test questionnaires to measure the level of knowledge before and after counseling. Data were analyzed with univariate and bivariate analysis (paired t-test). Results showed that before counseling, most respondents were at the "poor" level amounted to 67 people (63.2%) and after counseling, as many as 84 respondents (79.2%) were at "good" level of knowledge. The paired t-test results found p value of 0.000 with a moderate correlation (r = 0.561), so there were significant differences before and after counseling in the community of South Tagulandang District. We recommend the District Health Office and local health centers should be more active in organizing Health Promotion Program, especially the Clean and Healthy Behavior and provide more media of health promotion for the community.

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