Abstract. Eddy S, Ridho MR, Iskandar I, Mulyana A. 2019. Species composition and structure of degraded mangrove vegetation in the Air Telang Protected Forest, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2119-2127. Air Telang Protected Forest (ATPF) is one of the protected forests in the coastal area of South Sumatra, Indonesia which is around 12,660.9 hectares. This area is strategic because it borders directly with the Bangka Strait and adjacent to Sembilang National Park making it easy to access by the community. Various anthropogenic activities in the region such as residential, farming, agriculture, aquaculture, port and timber harvesting have led to degradation and loss of primary mangrove forest. This study aims to analyze the species composition and community structure of mangrove vegetation in the ATPF. The data were collected through observations at several point-centered samplings which were used to analyze the species composition and community structure of the vegetation and the physicochemical conditions of the environment. The species composition of this area consists of 20 species belonging to 14 families. The dominant species of tree, sapling and seedling stages are Nypa fruticans, Rhizophora apiculata and Acrostichum aureum, respectively. Overall species diversity index in this region is classified as very low, ranging from 0.00 to 0.73. Cluster analysis showed three types of vegetation structures in this region, namely Cyperus-Acrostichum type (shrub vegetation), Acrostichum-Rhizophora type (secondary forests) and Nypa-Avicennia (primary forests).

The mangrove forests are a type of salt tolerant vegetation, living in tidal zones in tropical and subtropical coastal areas with unique ecosystem that have a strategic function as a connector and counterweight of terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Mangrove forests are a productive ecosystem and they have complex functions, such as physical functions, biological functions and socio-economic functions. Fishery resources of mangrove forests are very productive, both quantitatively and qualitatively, because the mangrove forests act as the natural habitat (spawning, nursery and feeding grounds) for various species of fish, shrimps and crabs, as well as a source of germplasm and genetic pool. Mangrove forests also provide valuable ecosystem services to coastal communities, tourist attractions, nature conservation, education and research. However, these ecosystems are fragile because it is very sensitive to environmental changes, usually because anthropogenic influences; therefore, it is difficult to be restored. In addition, these ecosystems are so openly accessible that easily exploited by humans; this can reduce its quality and quantity. Local communities who use mangrove forests and their resources may have considerable botanical and ecological knowledge about their forests. Silvofishery techniques in aquaculture are very suitable for community-based mangrove forests conservation efforts. Silvofishery is an integrated model that considers both economically benefit and conservation.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess nutrients elasticities of calories, proteins, fats, and carbohydrates in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System is used on Indonesian socioeconomic household survey data. Findings Expenditure elasticities of nutrients in overall model range from 0.707 (for carbohydrates) to 1.085 (for fats), but expenditure elasticities in rural areas are higher than those in urban area. Most of price elasticities of nutrients have very small absolute value (not elastic) and all values are lower than the expenditure elasticities. However, the price of five groups of food commodities, namely, rice, oil and grease, fishes, meat, and other foods give significant influence on nutrients consumption. Research limitations/implications This research only includes four micronutrients, namely, calorie, protein, fat, and carbohydrate. Originality/value This research is one of very limited literatures about nutrient elasticity of food consumption in Indonesia.

Ekosistem hutan mangrove merupakan salah satu ekosistem paling produktif dan unik yang berfungsi melindungi daerah pesisir dari berbagai gangguan, serta menyediakan habitat bagi berbagai spesies hewan. Hutan mangrove tidak saja berfungsi secara fisik, kimia dan biologis untuk menjaga keseimbangan ekosistemnya, tapi juga memiliki fungsi sosial, ekonomi dan budaya bagi masyarakat pesisir yang mendiaminya. Sebagai salah satu ekosistem yang paling produktif, hutan mangrove tidak terlepas dari pemanfaatan untuk kepentingan manusia. Laju pemanfaatan hutan mangrove akibat aktivitas antropogenik semakin meningkat yang menyebabkan degradasi berkepanjangan. Indonesia memiliki hutan mangrove terluas di dunia, dimana luasnya lebih dari 50% luas hutan mangrove Asia dan hampir 25% dari luas hutan mangrove dunia. Namun laju degradasi dan hilangnya hutan mangrove di Indonesia tergolong tinggi dimana pada 2 sampai 3 dekade ini hampir 50% dari total hutan mangrove di Indonesia telah hilang. Aktivitas antropogenik penyebab hilangnya hutan mangrove Indonesia antara lain adalah perikanan, perkebunan, pertanian, logging, industri, pemukiman, tambak garam dan pertambangan.

This study analyzes the consumption patterns of agricultural households in Indonesia using the 2013 first quarter data of the Indonesian National Socioeconomic Survey (Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional [Susenas]) and the quadratic almost ideal demand system (QUAIDS) approach. Indonesian households' food expenditure is mostly on rice, vegetables, and fish. Rice expenditure is a top priority particularly in agricultural household spending in Indonesia. Agricultural households consume more calories and carbohydrates, but less protein and fat, than nonagricultural households do. The expenditure elasticities of agricultural and nonagricultural households are significantly different only in the following commodities: milk, other foods, meat, fruits, and rice. The differences in the price elasticities of the two household groups are found in non-rice staple, other foods, rice, and milk. The expenditure elasticity of nutrients of agricultural households tend to be higher.

Eddy S, Iskandar I, Ridho MR, Mulyana A. 2017. Land cover changes in the Air Telang Protected Forest, South Sumatra, Indonesia (1989-2013). Biodiversitas 18: 1538-1545. The Air Telang Protected Forest (ATPF) is a mangrove forest in the Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, Indonesia. It has an area of about 12,660.87 ha. In fact, that the ATPF area has been converted into aquacultures, plantations, agricultural lands, settlements and ports during recent decades. The objective of this study is to identify the land cover changes in the ATPF from 1989 through 2013 using satellite remote sensing data. Three Landsat satellite imageries for 1989, 2001 and 2013 have been used to build maps and to predict the land cover changes in the study area. A ground-truthing verification was done to increase the accuracy of image classification in each region. The results showed that the anthropogenic forcing had caused significant degradation of primary mangrove forest in the ATPF from 1989 to 2013. This forcing was categorized as mangrove conversion into coconut plantations, oil palm plantations, aquacultures, farms, ports, and settlements. Of these six conversions, the coconut plantations, oil palm plantations and aquacultures have potential tendencies to increase construction that could threaten the existence of mangrove forest in ATPF. It was found that during 2013, the coconut plantations, oil palm plantations, and aquacultures accounted for about 18.0% (2,278.62 ha), 4.7% (591.87 ha) and 3.1% (386.18 ha) of mangrove forest changes, respectively.

PurposeUsing cross-sectional household survey data, this paper aims to determine the impact of food price increases on poverty in Indonesia.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses the quadratic almost ideal demand system applied to the 2013 Indonesian household survey data. The impact of food price increase on household welfare is calculated using a welfare measure, compensating variation.FindingsThree food groups with the most outstanding price impact on poverty are rice, vegetables and fish were studied. The 20% increase in the price of each food group causes an increase in the headcount ratio by 1.360 points (rice), 0.737 points (vegetables) and 0.636 points (fish). Maintaining food price stability for these food groups is very important because the more price increases, the more impact on poverty. Food price policies in rural areas are also more critical than in urban areas because the impact of food price increases in rural areas is higher.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper does not consider the positive impact of rising food prices on food-producing households.Practical implicationsImplementing appropriate poverty alleviation policies through food policies for main food groups and social protection.Social implicationsPromoting rural development policies and agricultural growth.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical results regarding the impact of domestic food prices increase on poverty in Indonesia.

<p><em>Currently the learning system based on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been growing. The Open University (UT)</em><em> </em><em>has been using e-learning in the provision of learning support services. Online tutorials (Tuton) is one form of e-learning provided UT. Since the registration period of 2013.1-2014.2, the number of courses offered in Tuton increased by 11% and participants also increased by 52%. Although Tuton has been growing rapidly, the total number of students has declined from the registration period of 2013.1 to 2015.1. Such a decrease can be justified as an indicator of lack of loyalty or retention of students. The main objective of this study is to test the relationship between the antecedents of loyalty, service quality, commitment, satisfaction, and reputation. The study population comes from four faculties and one graduate program. Nonprobability method of sampling with judgmental sampling technique is used in this study. The minimum required sample size is 200 respondents. Survey data collection is conducted by inviting respondents by email to fill out a questionnaire online in google site. Then the data were analyzed both descriptively and quantitatively using descriptive analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results of hypothesis testing showed that 6 of 7 hypothesis were accepted with significant results. These sixth hypothesis are1) the influence of the quality of services to satisfaction; 2) the effect of the reputation on the quality of services; 3) the effect of commitment to student satisfaction; 4) the effect of satisfaction on reputation; 5) the effect of satisfaction on loyalty; and 6) the effect of reputation on loyalty. As for the rejected hypothesis is the effect of reputation on commitment.</em></p><p><em>Keywords</em><em> </em><em>: loyalty, quality of service, commitment, satisfaction, reputation</em></p>