Community-Based Mangrove Forests Conservation for Sustainable Fisheries

Abstract

The mangrove forests are a type of salt tolerant vegetation, living in tidal zones in tropical and subtropical coastal areas with unique ecosystem that have a strategic function as a connector and counterweight of terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Mangrove forests are a productive ecosystem and they have complex functions, such as physical functions, biological functions and socio-economic functions. Fishery resources of mangrove forests are very productive, both quantitatively and qualitatively, because the mangrove forests act as the natural habitat (spawning, nursery and feeding grounds) for various species of fish, shrimps and crabs, as well as a source of germplasm and genetic pool. Mangrove forests also provide valuable ecosystem services to coastal communities, tourist attractions, nature conservation, education and research. However, these ecosystems are fragile because it is very sensitive to environmental changes, usually because anthropogenic influences; therefore, it is difficult to be restored. In addition, these ecosystems are so openly accessible that easily exploited by humans; this can reduce its quality and quantity. Local communities who use mangrove forests and their resources may have considerable botanical and ecological knowledge about their forests. Silvofishery techniques in aquaculture are very suitable for community-based mangrove forests conservation efforts. Silvofishery is an integrated model that considers both economically benefit and conservation.

Coastal Communities' Willingness to Pay for Mangrove Ecotourism at Marudu Bay, Sabah, Malaysia

“…Indeed, other related studies contend that the existence of the mangrove ecosystem is crucial in generating a multitude of sustainable socioeconomic developments, such as environmental, economic, and social benefits, to the coastal communities (Kathiresan, 2012;Sofian et al, 2019). This is supported by another study that states as the recipients of the mangrove ecosystem, coastal communities depend on sustainable mangrove forest resources management to meet their needs (Eddy et al, 2017).…”

Partisipasi Masyarakat Terhadap Kegiatan Rehabilitasi Mangrove Di Kecamatan Cantigi, Kabupaten Indramayu

“…Dalam kurun waktu 1989-2015, daerah ini mengalami deforestasi sekitar 1.094 ha serta memiliki peluang deforestasi pada tahun 2031 sebesar 472,1 ha (Sodikin, 2018). Ekosistem mangrove mudah sekali dirusak dan cenderung sulit dipulihkan karena sensitif terhadap perubahan lingkungan (Eddy, Ridho, Iskandar, & Mulyana, 2016). Kegiatan rehabilitasi mangrove diperlukan guna tercapainya keberlanjutan kawasan pesisir (Damastuti & Groot, 2017).…”

Effectiveness of Mangrove Management Policies to Support Climate Change Mitigation in East Kalimantan Province

“…Dari luasan tersebut hanya 30,7% dalam kondisi baik. Pada tahun 2009, menurut Badan Koordinasi Survei dan Pemetaan (Bakosurtanal yang sekarang telah berubah menjadi Badan Informasi Geospasial), hutan mangrove yang tersisa diperkirakan hanya sekitar 3,2 juta ha atau terjadi penurunan sekitar 4,5 juta ha dalam waktu 9 tahun (Eddy, Ridho, Iskandar, & Mulyana, 2016). Data terbaru Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (KLHK) tahun 2017 menunjukkan bahwa luas hutan mangrove adalah 3,5 juta ha yang terdiri dari 2,2 juta ha dalam kawasan dan 1,3 juta ha di luar kawasan (KLHK, 2017).…”

“…Beberapa penelitian yang telah dilakukan seperti Friess et al (2016), Lugina, Alviya, Indartik, & Pribadi (2017), dan Mwangi et al (2017 mengidentifikasi beberapa isu dalam kebijakan terkait pengelolaan mangrove, di antaranya adalah adanya konflik dan ketidakjelasan tujuan kebijakan, kurangnya koordinasi antar pihak yang berwenang, serta sulitnya pelaksanaan kebijakan di tingkat lapangan. Selain itu, terdapat tumpang tindih kepentingan yang menciptakan ambiguitas kepemilikan hutan mangrove, menyulitkan pengelolaan serta mengarah pada konflik (Eddy et al, 2016;Walters et al, 2008). Oleh karena itu, untuk mengukur keberhasilan upaya mitigasi perubahan iklim melalui pengelolaan mangrove berkelanjutan, diperlukan analisis lebih lanjut terhadap kebijakan pengelolaan mangrove yang ada, apakah kebijakan tersebut sudah tepat dan efektif untuk mendukung upaya mitigasi perubahan iklim.…”