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Owners of camelids in poor body condition should be forewarned that such animals are at greater risk for complications following dental surgery. Clinicians should recognize that the number of teeth affected was not associated with a poorer outcome.

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Background Surgical management of long segment tracheal disease is limited by a paucity of donor tissue and poor performance of synthetic materials. A potential solution is the development of a tissue-engineered tracheal graft (TETG), which promises an autologous airway conduit with growth capacity. Methods We created a TETG by vacuum seeding bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) on a polymeric nanofiber scaffold. First, we evaluated the role of scaffold porosity on cell seeding efficiency in vitro. We then determined the effect of cell seeding on graft performance in vivo using an ovine model. Results Seeding efficiency of normal porosity (NP) grafts was significantly increased when compared to high porosity (HP) grafts (NP: 360.3 ± 69.19 ×103 cells/mm2; HP: 133.7 ± 22.73 ×103 cells/mm2; p<0.004). Lambs received unseeded (n=2) or seeded (n=3) NP scaffolds as tracheal interposition grafts for 6 weeks. Three animals were terminated early due to respiratory complications (n=2 unseeded, n=1 seeded). Seeded TETG explants demonstrated wound healing, epithelial migration, and delayed stenosis when compared to their unseeded counterparts. Conclusion Vacuum seeding BM-MNCs on nanofiber scaffolds for immediate implantation as tracheal interposition grafts is a viable approach to generate TETGs, but further preclinical research is warranted before advocating this technology for clinical application.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PdCV) cause indistinguishable clinical signs and pathological changes in swine. Here we investigated the antigenic relationship between PEDV and PdCV. We provide the first evidence that conserved epitope(s) on the respective viral nucleocapsid proteins cross-react with each other although virus neutralization cross-reactivity was not observed. As a practical matter, prevention of these two very similar diseases of swine will require the development of separate virus-specific vaccine products.

If performed correctly, the rumenotomy procedure can be a safe and effective way to retrieve ingested foreign bodies and address other problems of the ruminant forestomachs. In the author's practice, rumen surgery has been associated with few postoperative complications. Morbidity and mortality in cases that have had a previous rumenotomy have mostly been associated with complications related to the original presurgical condition or from causes unrelated to the rumen surgery.

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OBJECTIVE To describe concentration-over-time data for ampicillin and sulbactam in the digital and systemic circulations and synovial fluid (SYN) of cattle following a single injection of ampicillin-sulbactam as a regional IV perfusion (RIVP). ANIMALS 6 healthy adult nonlactating Jersey-crossbred cows. PROCEDURES The right hind limb of each cow was aseptically prepared. A tourniquet was applied around the midmetatarsal region, and 1.0 g of ampicillin with 0.5 g of sulbactam in a combined formulation was administered as an RIVP into the dorsal common digital vein (DCDV). Blood samples from the DCDV and jugular vein and SYN samples from the metatarsophalangeal joint of the prepared limb were collected immediately before and at predetermined times for 24 hours after RIVP. One blood sample was obtained from the abaxial proper plantar vein of the lateral digit of the prepared limb 0.25 hours after RIVP. Serum and SYN ampicillin and sulbactam concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Mean ± SD maximum concentration of ampicillin in SYN and serum obtained from the abaxial proper plantar and jugular veins was 1,995 ± 1,011 μg/mL, 5,422 ± 1,953 μg/mL, and 2.5 ± 1.6 μg/mL, respectively. Corresponding serum and SYN concentrations of sulbactam were lower but followed the same pattern over time as those for ampicillin. Synovial fluid ampicillin concentration remained above 8 μg/mL for a mean time of 18.9 hours. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Potentially therapeutic concentrations of ampicillin were achieved in regional serum and SYN samples; SYN concentrations remained at potentially therapeutic values for > 12 hours following RIVP of 1.5 g of ampicillin-sulbactam in the hind limb of healthy cows.